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PROPAGANDA

PROPAGANDA. NOAM CHOMSKY. US POLITICAL ACTIVIST SUPPORTER OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH CRITICISED US MEDIA ESP AFTER 9/11 “BOUGHT PRIESTHOOD” “PARROTING GOVERNMENT POLICY. 2 CONCEPTIONS OF DEMOCRACY. 1: INFORMATION IS FREE AND OPEN TO THE PUBLIC

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PROPAGANDA

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  1. PROPAGANDA

  2. NOAM CHOMSKY • US POLITICAL ACTIVIST • SUPPORTER OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH • CRITICISED US MEDIA ESP AFTER 9/11 • “BOUGHT PRIESTHOOD” • “PARROTING GOVERNMENT POLICY

  3. 2 CONCEPTIONS OF DEMOCRACY • 1: INFORMATION IS FREE AND OPEN TO THE PUBLIC • 2: PUBLIC IS BARRED FROM MANAGING THEIR OWN AFFAIRS AND INFORMATION IS RIGIDLY CONTROLLED

  4. 5 PROPAGANDA FILTERS • NEWS TRAVELS TO 5 MAIN FILTERS WHICH IN TURN RESULTS IN MEDIA BIAS

  5. 1. Size, ownership and profit orientation • The Big 6: GE/Comcast – Universal Pictures • The Walt Disney Company – ABC, ESPN • News Corporation – Fox • Time Warner – CNN • Viacom - MTV • CBS – supplies videos to Google

  6. SA’s Big 4 • Independent • Media 24 • Caxton • Avusa • TMG (Times Media Group) • What is MDDA?

  7. 2. Advertising • Advertising determines media success rather than cover price • Eg. If Coca-Cola is the main sponsor of the 7pm news, it will not cover a story about a major blunder by the Coke company

  8. 3. Sourcing mass media news • Media are bound to sources of power • Eg. Government and corporates • News requires “raw data” • Due to time constraints and limited man power, journalists often source info from a newsbank or the few biased sources that are available

  9. 4. Flaks (Interest Groups) • Organisations or individuals • Media-wise • Keep the media in line with negative responses to media statements

  10. 5. Anti-communism • EG. SA Apartheid Government used ‘swart gevaar’ tactics to propagate an anti-black, anti-communist ideology.

  11. Propaganda in journalism can lead to • Selective stories • Partial facts • Narrow sources of experts • Ultimately, misrepresentation

  12. Definition of propaganda • Any form of communication in support of national objectives designed to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes or behaviour of any group in order to benefit the sponsor either directly or indirectly

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