SALON ECOLOGY

1. Chapter 2 SALON ECOLOGY

2. Chapter 2 Tour: Salon Ecology Microbiology Pages 47-51 1 • Recognize the structure and function of bacteria and viruses by their types, classifications, growth and reproduction patterns and relationship to the spread of infection Infection Control Pages 52-59 2 • Identify the procedures and precautions for the infection control procedures used in schools and salons First Aid Pages 60-62 3 • List simple safety and first-aid applications for minor burns, cuts, choking, eye injury and fainting procedures

3. Bacteria Viruses Infection Growth ofBacteria ExternalParasites Immunity Salon Ecology 1 Microbiology Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

4. A B Microbiology Does photo A or B illustrate a healthy, infection-free, safe environment? Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

5. A Microbiology Photo A displays a healthy, infection-free, safe environment. Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

6. Microbiology ocrogyoibim microbiology Key Term Jumble optoeinnahgnc nonpathogenic arpyespohts saprophytes ahgncptoei pathogenic ccioc cocci tetccisrpooc streptococci tpyoocsahlcci staphylococci ailbcli bacilla ilccidpooc diplococci prlasiil spirilla Click on the KEY to rearrange the letters of each key term bodonlobre ptoesahgn bloodborne pathogens

7. Microbiology The study of small organisms micro (small) + bio (living) ology (study) + microbiology A basic knowledge of microbiology is important in preventing the spread of disease through proper disinfection within the salon. Why is the study of microbiology important to a cosmetologist? Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

8. Bacteria Generally classified as two types: Nonpathogenic Pathogenic Bacteria that donotproduce disease Bacteria that doproduce disease Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

9. Bacteria Nonpathogenic Pathogenic • Harmless • Can be beneficial • Many live on surface of skin • Saprophytes live on dead matter • 70% of all bacteria • Cause infection and disease • Distinct shapes • Some produce toxins • Spread easily • Live everywhere Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

10. Cocci Round Appear in groups or singularly Staphylococci Bunches Found in boils Pus-forming Streptococci Long chains Cause strep throat Pus-forming Diplococci Pairs Cause pneumonia Most common form of bacterial cells Bacilli Rod Spirilla Causes syphilis, lyme disease, cholera Spiral Bacteria Pathogenic Bacteria Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

11. Bacteria Beyond the Book Bacteria are among the earliest forms of life that appeared on Earth billions of years ago. Scientists think bacteria helped shape and change Earth’s environment. The atmospheric oxygen created by the bacteria enabled other, more complex life forms to develop. http://www.microbe.org

12. Growth of Bacteria Growth Cycle • Active Stage • Reproduce and grow rapidly • Require dark, damp, dirty places with food • Divide into two new cells (mitosis) • Inactive Stage • No growth occurs when conditions are unfavorable • Form spores not harmed by disinfectants, cold or heat • Become active when conditions are favorable Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

13. Bacilli and spirilla use flagella (cilia) to propel themselves Growth of Bacteria Movement of Bacteria Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

14. Growth of Bacteria Beyond the Book Some bacteria with flagella can move 50-60 times the length of their body per second. If a 6 foot tall person could move that fast, they would be running about 100 meters per second.That is 9 times faster than the world record!

15. Viruses Dear Mrs. Jones, Sally will not be in school today because she has the measles. Sue Swanson • Sub-microscopic particles; much smaller than bacteria • Cause familiar diseases like the common cold, measles, hepatitis, HIV Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

16. Viruses Human Hepatitis B (HBV) • Highly infectious disease that infects the liver • Vaccine-preventable disease • Personal service workers are often asked to be vaccinated Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

17. Viruses Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • Caused by HIV • Affects the body’s natural immune system • Spreads by body fluids entering blood stream of uninfected individual Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

18. Viruses Beyond the Book Chickenpox is a disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. Since the introduction of the chickenpox vaccine, cases of chickenpox in children have decreased almost 70-90%.

19. External Parasites Organisms that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism • Parasitic fungi (molds and yeasts) • Produce contagious diseases such as ringworm, honeycomb ringworm and nail fungus • Produce noncontagious conditions such as dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis • Parasitic mites (insects) • Produce contagious diseases such as itch mites and head lice Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

20. External Parasites Professionals prevent the spread of contagions (fungi, bacteria and mites) through proper disinfection procedures Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

21. External Parasites Head Lice • Transmitted directly from one person to another or by contact with articles that have come in contact with an infested person • Accompanied by head scratching, redness or small bite marks on the scalp • Controlled by pediculicide shampoo Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

22. External Parasites Beyond the Book Dandruff is a chronic scalp condition that affects about 50% of the world’s population. - P&G Beauty

23. Infection Ahhh chooo! Occurs when disease-producing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state. • Contagious or communicable disease • Can be transmitted from person to person through touch or through the air Bloodborne pathogens are disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through blood or body fluids Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

24. Infection Common ways of spreading infection in the salon: • Open sores • Unclean hands and implements • Coughing or sneezing • Common use of drinking cups and towels • Use of same implements on infected areas and noninfected areas • Unsanitary salon conditions Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

25. Infection • Local • Small, confined area • Pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area • General • All parts of the body (systemic) • Circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

26. This is why it is important to use the same infection control procedures on all clients (universal precautions) UniversalPrecautions Infection • Asymptomatic Carrier • Carries disease but shows NO SYMPTOMS Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

27. Infection Beyond the Book Studies have shown that 40% to 60% of people don't wash their hands after using the restroom. And those who do wash their hands often don't know the proper technique. In order to be effective, hands should be washed with soap for 20 to 25 seconds. The three keys are soap, friction and water. http://www.physorg.com

28. Natural Immunity Passive Immunity Immunity Ability of the body to destroy infectious agents that enter the body • Partially inherited • Natural resistance to disease • Production of white blood cells and antitoxins by body • Skin is first line of defense • Acquired immunity • Injection of antigens stimulates the body’s immune response Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

29. Immunity Beyond the Book Yo-yo diets resulting in drastic weight changes can weaken your immune system. Depending on the statistics, up to 85% of individuals who lose a significant amount of weight will eventually regain it. To keep the immune system strong, one should eat healthy and get regular exercise.

30. Microbiology Self-Check What’s your answer? A. Nonpathogenic or B. Pathogenic • 70% of all bacteria • Produce disease • Include saprophytes • Harmless A B A A Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

31. Microbiology Self-Check Identify the type of pathogenic bacteria Pus-forming cells that form bunches; found in boils Grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia 1. _______ Diplococci 4. ________ Staphylococci Spiral-shaped cells that cause syphilis, cholera and lyme disease Most common form of bacterial cells 5. ________ Spirilla 2. _______ Bacilli Pus-forming cells that form long chains; cause strep throat 3. ________ Streptococci Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

32. Microbiology Self-Check On a sheet of paper numbered 1-12, answer the following questions. What’s your answer? A. Active Bacteria or B. Inactive Bacteria • Grow rapidly • Exhibit mitosis • Form spores • Stop growing Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

33. 5. List 3 familiar diseases caused by viruses: _________ _________ _________ Microbiology Self-Check 6. Which of the following viruses affects the liver? • HIV • cold • measles • hepatitis B Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

34. Microbiology Self-Check 7. What organisms live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism? • cocci • bacilli • measles • external parasites 8. Which class of infection is located in a small, confined area? • local • general • passive • systemic Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

35. Microbiology Self-Check • Which type of infection occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins to all parts of the body? • __________ Using the same infection control procedures on all clients is known as: __________ __________ Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

36. Microbiology Self-Check • The ability to destroy infectious agents that enter the body is known as: • __________ What are the two types of immunity? __________ __________ Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

37. Know Chart As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect answers under the “I Need to Study” column. KNOW CHART I Know: I Need to Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

38. Microbiology Self-Check Now check your work. A. Active Bacteria or B. Inactive Bacteria A • Grow rapidly • Exhibit mitosis • Form spores • Stop growing A B B Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

39. 5. List 3 familiar diseases caused by viruses: Microbiology Self-Check hepatitis HIV cold measles 6. Which of the following viruses affects the liver? • HIV • cold • measles • hepatitis B Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

40. Microbiology Self-Check 7. What organisms live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism? • cocci • bacilli • measles • external parasites 8. Which class of infection is located in a small, confined area? • local • general • passive • systemic Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

41. Microbiology Self-Check • Which type of infection occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins to all parts of the body? • __________ general Using the same infection control procedures on all clients is known as: __________ __________ universal precautions Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

42. Microbiology Self-Check • The ability to destroy infectious agents that enter the body is known as: • __________ immunity What are the two types of immunity? __________ __________ natural passive Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

43. Face the Facts Lessons Learned • Bacteria are classified into two types: pathogenic and nonpathogenic • Forms of pathogenic bacteria include: cocci, bacilli and spirilla Bacteria   Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

44. Face the Facts Lessons Learned • Bacteria go through two stages, active and inactive • During the active stage, bacteria grow and reproduce using mitosis in which the cell divides, creating two new cells • While in the inactive stage, bacteria form spores which protect the cell Growth of Bacteria    Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

45. Face the Facts Lessons Learned • Viruses are sub-microscopic particles that cause diseases like the common cold Viruses  External Parasites  • Organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

46. Face the Facts Lessons Learned • Pathogenic bacteria or viruses cause infection when they enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state • Contagious infection or communicable disease can be spread from person to person through touch or through air • Common means of spreading infection in the salon include unclean hands and implements Infection    Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

47. IT’S 2U! Draw a picture of each of the 3 types of cocci bacterial cells Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

48. Diplococci Streptococci Staphylococci Answers IT’S 2U! 3 forms of cocci bacterial cells Chapter 2.1Salon Ecology Microbiology

49. Sanitation Disinfection Sterilization InfectionControlGuidelines Salon Ecology 2 Infection Control Chapter 2.2Salon Ecology Infection Control

50. Infection Control Connecting with the Web • Go online to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website (www.cdc.gov) • Browse the website for information on infection control, sanitation, disinfection and other information relevant to the cosmetology industry • Write down three interesting facts Chapter 2.2Salon Ecology Infection Control