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The Science of Biology. Chapter1. Chapter 1: The Science of Biology. What makes something “alive”? 1. Cellular organization 2. Order 3. Sensitivity 4. Growth,development, and reproduction 5. Energy Utilization 6. Evolutionary adaptation 7. Homeostasis. Hierarchical Organization.
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The Science of Biology Chapter1
Chapter 1: The Science of Biology • What makes something “alive”? • 1. Cellular organization • 2. Order • 3. Sensitivity • 4. Growth,development, and reproduction • 5. Energy Utilization • 6. Evolutionary adaptation • 7. Homeostasis
Hierarchical Organization Atoms Molecules Macromolecule Tissue Cell Organelle Organ Organ system Organism Community Species Population Ecosystem Biosphere
Two Types of Reasoning Scientists Use • Deductive Reasoning • Inductive Reasoning
Darwin Was a Pretty Cool Guy… I Mean Just Check Out that Beard!
The Galapagos Islands- Disney World for Scientists • Darwin found a lot of evidence to support his theory on the Galapagos Islands- specifically in the finches.
Only the Strong Survive? • Darwin and Malthus
Who’s that Wallace Guy Anyway? • A man named Alfred Wallace concurred with Darwin’s theory of evolution via natural selection. • This lit a fire under Darwin and led him publish his findings
Modern Evidence Supporting Darwin’s Theory • 1. The fossil record • 2. The age of Earth- 4.5 billion years as opposed to a few thousand as thought in Darwin’s Time • 3. Genetics supports Darwin’s Theory • 4. Comparative Anatomy- Homologous and Analogous structures • 5. Molecular evidence- comparing genomes ( the sequences of genes) in species • 6.Molecular Clocks- Similarities in DNA of related individuals • 7. Phylogenetic Trees- the sequences of genes are used to construct these
Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree • Most Related= Smallest number of Amino Acid differences • Least Related= Largest number of Amino Acid Differences
Important People In the Cell Thory • Robert Hooke • Anton van Leeuwenhoek • Matthias Schleiden and Theordor Schwann
Cell Theory • All organisms are composed of one or more Cells • Cells are the smallest living things and the basic units of all live • All cells come from other cells ***Is this always true***
The molecular Basis of Inheritence • DNA- Encodes all of the information in a cell • Gene- larges sequences of nucleotides making a discrete unit of information • Genome- the entire set of DNA instructions that specifies a cell
Structure and Function • Underlying theme of biology • Function is highly dependant on structure Why is it important to relate the structure of something with its function?
Evolutionary Change • All organisms are classified into three main domains and then further classified from there
Evolutionary Conservation • All living things descended from a simple cellular creature about 2.5 billion years ago. • Some characteristics of the earliest organism have been preserved in all living things • Examples?