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Bell Ringer

This chapter explores the reasons behind the birth of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, with a case study on Manchester. It examines the social and economic effects of industrialization, tensions between middle and working classes, positive outcomes, and the living and working conditions in industrial cities. The chapter also addresses the rise of labor unions and the long-term effects of the Industrial Revolution.

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer • What were some of the reasons Great Britain was able to birth the Industrial Revolution?

  2. Chapter 9.2 Industrialization: Case Study of Manchester

  3. Goals and Objectives Upon completion students should be able to: • Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization • Evaluate the growing tensions between middle and working classes. • Identify positive effects of the Industrial Revolution. • Describe Manchester as an industrial city.

  4. Industrialization changes life • Factories pay more than farms. • This led to the demand for more expensive goods

  5. Industrial Cities Rise • Urbanization-The rise of population and movement of people leading to the growth of cities • Growing population provided workforce and market for factory goods.

  6. British Industrial cities: • The most industrialized cities were London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool

  7. Living Conditions • Sickness widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums • Life span in one large city is only 17 years • Wealthy Merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes.

  8. Conditions in urban cities • Rapidly growing cities lacked sanitary conditions or building codes • Cities also lacked adequate housing, education, police and fire protection.

  9. Working Conditions • Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round • Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers • Many coal miners killed by coal dust • Women and children were often exploited in work places. • Children as young as 6 work in factories; many are injured • 1819 Factory Act restricts working age, hours • Pollution becomes a major issue.

  10. The Working Class • Laborers’ lives not improved; • some laborers replaced by machines Luddites, other groups destroyed machinery that puts them out of work Unemployment a serious problem; unemployed riot

  11. Positives of the industrial revolution • Created jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress • Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve • Workers eventually won shorter hours, better wages and conditions

  12. Long-Term Effects • Improved living and working conditions still present today • Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements • The rise of labor unions

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