Understanding Windows File Systems: FAT, NTFS, and Linux Structures

Jan 21, 2026

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This article explores the intricacies of file systems, focusing on Windows and Linux architectures. Key topics include disk partitioning, the differences between clusters and sectors, and the role of the File Allocation Table (FAT) and New Technology File System (NTFS). We will examine file properties such as Modified, Accessed, and Created (MAC) dates, the Master File Table (MFT), and advanced NTFS features like access rights, encryption, and support for larger volume sizes and multiple data streams. An overview of alternative file systems in Linux, including i-nodes and the /proc directory, will also be provided.

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Understanding Windows File Systems: FAT, NTFS, and Linux Structures

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File Systems
Windows File Structure • Disk partitioning • Cluster versus sector • File allocation table (FAT) • New technology file system (NTFS) • Modified, accessed, created (MAC)
FAT: File Allocation Table • Microsoft original • Table • Three versions
NTFS: New Technology File System • Master file table (MFT) • Access rights • Encryption • Larger volume sizes • Multiple data streams
Windows Registry
Linux • Many different file systems • i-nodes • /proc
Boot Sequence