1 / 43

DIMENSIONING

DIMENSIONING. C H A P T E R T E N. OBJECTIVES. 1. Use conventional dimensioning techniques to describe size and shape accurately on an engineering drawing. 2. Create and read a drawing at a specified scale. 3. Correctly place dimension lines, extension lines, angles, and notes.

gaye
Download Presentation

DIMENSIONING

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. DIMENSIONING C H A P T E R T E N

  2. OBJECTIVES 1. Use conventional dimensioning techniques to describe size and shape accurately on an engineering drawing. 2. Create and read a drawing at a specified scale. 3. Correctly place dimension lines, extension lines, angles, and notes. 4. Dimension circles, arcs, and inclined surfaces. 5. Apply finish symbols and notes to a drawing. 6. Dimension contours. 7. Use standard practices for dimensioning prisms, cylinders, holes, and curves. 8. List practices for dimensioning a solid model as documentation. 9. Identify guidelines for the dos and don’ts of dimensioning.

  3. UNDERSTANDING DIMENSIONING The increasing need for precision manufacturing and interchangeability has shifted responsibility for size control to the design engineer or detail drafter. Practices for dimensioning architectural and structural drawings are similar in many ways to those for dimensioning manufactured parts, but some practices differ. Refer to the following standards: • ANSI/ASME Y14.5-2009 Dimensioning and Tolerancing • ASME Y14.41-2003 Digital Product definition Data Practices • ASME B4.2-1978 (R1999) Preferred Metric Limits and Fits Automatically Generated Dimensions. Views and dimensions can be generated automatically from a solid model. (Courtesy of Robert Kincaid.)

  4. Three Aspects of Good Dimensioning Technique of dimensioning Placement of dimensions Choice of dimensions

  5. Tolerance Tolerance is the total amount that the feature on the actual part is allowed to vary from what is specified by the drawing or model dimension. ALL TOLERANCES ±.02 INCH UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. E X A M P L E S A Title Block Specifying Tolerances. (Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.)

  6. Geometric Breakdown Engineering structures are composed largely of simple geometric shapes, such as the prism, cylinder, pyramid, cone, and sphere. They may be exterior (positive) or interior (negative) forms.

  7. LINES USED IN DIMENSIONING Dimension, Extension and Centerlines

  8. Guidelines for USING DIMENSIONAND EXTENSION LINES

  9. ARROWHEADS When you are drawing by hand and using the arrowhead method in which both strokes are directed toward the point, it is easier to make the strokes toward yourself.

  10. LEADERS A leader is a thin, solid line directing attention to a note or dimension and starting with an arrowhead or dot. For the Best Appearance, Make Leaders • near each other and parallel • across as few lines as possible Don’t Make Leaders • parallel to nearby lines of the drawing • through a corner of the view • across each other • longer than needed • horizontal or vertical

  11. DRAWING SCALEAND DIMENSIONING Drawing scale is noted in the title block. The drawing should not be scaled for dimensions. (Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.) Many standard title blocks include a note such as: DO NOT SCALE DRAWING FOR DIMENSIONS

  12. DIRECTION OF DIMENSIONVALUES AND NOTES All dimension values and notes are lettered horizontally to be read from the bottom of the sheet, as oriented by the title block.

  13. DIMENSION UNITS A note stating ALL MEASUREMENTS IN MILLIMETERS or ALL MEASUREMENTS IN INCHES UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED is used in the title block to indicate the measurement units… (Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.)

  14. MILLIMETER VALUES The millimeter is the commonly used unit for most metric engineering drawings. One-place millimeter decimals are used when tolerance limits permit. Two (or more)–place millimeter decimals are used when higher tolerances are required.

  15. DECIMAL-INCH VALUES Two-place inch decimals are typical when tolerance limits permit. Three or more decimal places are used for tolerance limits in the thousandths of an inch. In two-place decimals, the second place preferably should be an even digit.

  16. RULES FOR DIMENSION VALUES Good hand-lettering is important for dimension values on sketches. The shop produces according to the directions on the drawing so to save time and prevent costly mistakes, make all lettering perfectly legible. Make all decimal points bold, allowing ample space. When the metric dimension is a whole number, do not show either a decimal point or a zero. When the metric dimension is less than 1 mm, a zero precedes the decimal point. When the decimal-inch dimension is used on drawings, a zero is not used before the decimal point of values less than 1 in.

  17. DUAL DIMENSIONING and COMBINATION UNITS Dual dimensioning is used to show metric and decimal-inch dimensions on the same drawing. Two methods of displaying the dual dimensions are: Position Method Bracket Method DIMENSIONS IN () ARE MILLIMETERS

  18. DIMENSION SYMBOLS Dimensioning symbols are used to replace traditional terms or abbreviations. Form and Proportion of Dimensioning Symbols. (Reprinted from ASME Y14.5M-1994 (R2004),by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.)

  19. PLACING AND SHOWING DIMENSIONS LEGIBLY Rules for the placement of dimensions help you dimension your drawings so that they are clear and readable… Fitting Dimension Values in Limited Spaces (Metric Dimensions)

  20. PLACING AND SHOWING DIMENSIONS LEGIBLY continued…

  21. SUPERFLUOUS DIMENSIONS All necessary dimensions must be shown, but do not give unnecessary or superfluous dimensions.

  22. SUPERFLUOUS DIMENSIONS continued… No unnecessary or superfluous dimensions.

  23. DIMENSIONING ANGLES Angles are dimensioned by specifying the angle in degrees and a linear dimension. The coordinate method is better when a high degree of accuracy is required

  24. DIMENSIONING ARCS, FILLETS AND ROUNDS A circular arc is dimensioned in the view where its true shape in seen by giving the value for its radius preceded by the abbreviation R. Individual fillets and rounds are dimensioned like other arcs. FILLETS R6 AND ROUNDS R3 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED or ALL CASTING RADII R6 UNLESS NOTED or simply ALL FILLETS AND ROUNDS R6.

  25. SIZE DIMENSIONS: CYLINDERS Cylinders are usually dimensioned by giving the diameter and length where the cylinder appears as a rectangle. Use “Ø” to indicate circular shape Dimensioning a Machine Part Composed of Cylindrical Shapes

  26. SIZE DIMENSIONING HOLES The leader of a note should point to the circular view of the hole, if possible. Countersunk, counterbored, spotfaced and tapped holes are usually specified by standard symbols or abbreviations.

  27. DIMENSIONING COUNTERBORES AND SPOTFACES WITH FILLETS When a fillet radius is specified for a spotface dimension, the fillet radius is added to the outside of the spotface diameter, Counterbored hole with a fillet radius specified.

  28. DIMENSIONING CURVES One way to dimension curves is to give a group of radii. Both circular and noncircular curves may be dimensioned by using coordinate dimensions, or datums. When angular measurements are unsatisfactory, you may give chordal dimensions

  29. DIMENSIONING ROUNDED-END SHAPES For accuracy, in parts d–g, overall lengths of rounded-end shapes are given, and radii are indicated, but without specific values. The center-to-center distance may be required for accurate location of some holes. In part g, the hole location is more critical than the location of the radius, so the two are located.

  30. DIMENSIONINGTHREADS Local notes are used to specify dimensions of threads. For tapped holes, the notes should, if possible, be attached to the circular views of the holes.

  31. DIMENSIONING TAPERS A taperis a conical surface on a shaft or in a hole. The usual method of dimensioning a taper is to give the amount of taper in a note, such as TAPER 0.167 ON DIA (with TO GAGE often added), and then give the diameter at one end with the length or give the diameter at both ends and omit the length. Taper on diameter means the difference in diameter per unit of length.

  32. DIMENSIONING CHAMFERS Achamfer is a beveled or sloping edge. It is dimensioned by giving the length of the offset and the angle, as in Figure 10.51a. A 45° chamfer also may be dimensioned

  33. DIMENSIONING KEYWAYS The preferred method of dimensioning the depth of a keyway is to give the dimension from the bottom of the keyway to the opposite side of the shaft or hole.

  34. DIMENSIONING KNURLS A knurlis a roughened surface to provide a better handgrip or to be used for a press fit between two parts. For handgrip purposes, it is necessary only to give the pitch of the knurl, the type of knurling, and the length of the knurled area.

  35. FINISH MARKS A finish mark is used to indicate that a surface is to be machined, or finished, as on a rough casting or forging. To the patternmaker or diemaker, a finish mark means that allowance of extra metal in the rough workpiece must be provided for the machining. The finish mark is shown only on the edge view of a finished surface and is repeated in any other view in which the surface appears as a line, even if the line is a hidden line.

  36. SURFACE ROUGHNESS Surface finish is intimately related to the functioning of a surface, and proper specification of finish of surfaces such as bearings and seals is necessary. Surface quality specifications should be used only where needed, since the cost of producing a finished surface becomes greater as the quality of the surface called for is increased. Generally, the ideal surface finish is the roughest that will do the job satisfactorily. Surface Texture Symbols and Construction. (Reprinted from ASME Y14.36M-1996 (R2002), by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.)

  37. LOCATION DIMENSIONS After you have specified the sizes of the geometric shapes composing the structure, give location dimensions to show the relative positions of these geometric shapes.

  38. MATING DIMENSIONS Mating dimensions should be given on the multiview drawings in the corresponding locations.

  39. TABULAR DIMENSIONS A series of objects having like features but varying in dimensions may be represented by one drawing.

  40. COORDINATE DIMENSIONING A set of three mutually perpendicular datum or reference planes is usually required for coordinate dimensioning. These planes either must be obvious.

  41. SHEET METAL BENDS In sheet metal dimensioning, allowance must be made for bends. The intersection of the plane surfaces adjacent to a bend is called the mold line, and this line, rather than the center of the arc, is used to determine dimensions. Bends

  42. NOTES It is usually necessary to supplement the direct dimensions with notes. Notes should be brief and carefully worded to allow only one interpretation. Notes should always be lettered horizontally on the sheet and arranged systematically. They should not be crowded and should not be placed between views, if possible. Notes are classified as general notes when they apply to an entire drawing and as local notes when they apply to specific items.

More Related