400 th Anniversary of Milton’s Birth 1608-2008

2. 400th Anniversary of Milton’s Birth 1608-2008

3. First Glimpse of Paradise Lost: • Excerpt Appreciation

4. Paradise Lost excerpt (Book I ) What though the field be lost? All is not lost—the unconquerable will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: And what is else not to be overcome. That glory never shall his wrath or might Extort from me.

5. To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee, and deify his power Who, from the terror of this arm, so late Doubted his empire—that were low indeed; That were an ignominy and shame beneath This downfall;

6. since, by fate, the strength of Gods, And this empyreal substance, cannot fail; Since, through experience of this great event, In arms not worse, in foresight much advanced, We may with more successful hope resolve To wage by force or guile eternal war, Irreconcilable to our grand Foe, Who now triumphs’, and in the excess of joy Sole reigning holds the tyranny of Heaven.

7. Question • What is your impression of Satan in this speech?

8. What is your impression of Satan? • Unyielding • Revengeful • Competitive • Proud • Eloquent

9. What though the field be lost? All is not lost: the unconquerable will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: And what is else not to be overcome?

10. devil What is your impression of Satan? • Unyielding • Revengeful • Competitive • Proud • Eloquent Admirable?!

11. Response and Criticism • Some General Comments

12. “英诗人弥尔敦（J.Milton），尝取其事作《失乐园》（The Paradise Lost），有天神与撒旦战事，以喻光明与黑暗之争。撒旦为状，复至狞厉。是诗而后，人之恶撒旦遂益深。然使震旦人异其信仰者观之，则亚当之居伊甸，盖不殊于笼禽，不识不知，惟帝是悦，使无天魔之诱，人类将无由生。故世间人，当蔑弗秉有魔血，惠及人世者，撒旦其首矣。” ——《坟·摩罗诗力说》一卷第73页，鲁迅

13. Response and CriticismChinese • Satan---a promethean hero. • A rebel against tyranny, against the dictator and established doctrines. • Milton's mouthpiece, uttering his hatred of tyranny.

14. Response and CriticismWest Attack • “Milton is on the side of devil without knowing it” • Milton’s heart was at war with his head

15. Questions for A Second View • Controversy Focus • Milton’s Stumbling-Block • Milton’s Justification

16. A Second View of Paradise Lost • Paradise Lostas an epic • Controversy Focus • Paradise Lostas a biblical narrative • Milton’s Stumbling-Block & Justification I • Paradise Lostas a personal poem • Milton’s Justification II

17. Paradise Lost as an epic • What is an epic?

18. Paradise Lost as an epic • What is an epic? • Homeric Tradition • Length • Subject Matter • Epic Hero

19. What is an epic? Length & Subject Matter • A long narrative poem, huge and massive • Stories about nations, gods, heroes, warfare and adventures • Main character---ahero. • The purpose of an epic is not only to entertain, but to teach and inspire.

20. Epic Hero • main character • He reflects the morals and values of the society from which he comes.

21. Epic Hero Models Achilles Odysseus

22. Paradise Lost as an EpicLength • 12 Books • "None ever wished it longer than it is" ---Samuel Johnson

23. Paradise Lost as an epicControversy Focus • Nation: God’s Kingdom • Hero: Is Satan the hero?

24. Paradise Lostas a biblical narrative • Part One: Genesis Story of Adam and Eve • Part Two: Milton’s Stumbling Block & Milton’s Justification I

25. Paradise Lostas a biblical narrativePart One • Genesis Story of Adam and Eve • Creation of Adam and Eve • Temptation of Snake (Satan) • Fall of Adam and Eve

26. Creation of Adam

27. Garden of Eden Paradise

28. Forbidden TreeForbidden Fruit of Knowledge of Good and Evil

29. Creation of Eve

30. Temptation of the SnakeSatan

31. Tempted Adam and Eve

32. Fall of Adam and Eve

33. Fall of Adam and Eve

34. Paradise Lost as a biblical narrative Part Two • Milton’s Stumbling Block • Milton’s Justification I

35. Milton’s Stumbling Block • Why is it sinful of man to eat the fruits? • Is Satan evil just because he makes Adam and Eve eat the fruit and know the knowledge? • If God is so great, why doesn’t he stop Satan at the beginning?

36. Milton’s Justification I • “Justify the ways of God to men” • Why is it sinful of man to eat the fruits? • Sin of Pride • Is Satan evil because he makes Adam and Eve eat the fruit and know the knowledge? • Progressive Degradation of Satan

37. Paradise Lostas a personal poetry • Milton’s Justification II • National Upheaval • Personal Trauma • Milton’s Justification • Liberty

38. National Upheaval • Protestant Reformation • Protestant Reformation in England • Protestants in England • Anglicans • Puritans • Milton the Puritan • The Puritan Age • Civil War • Cromwell • Republican Commonwealth • the Republic, Cromwell & Milton • Restoration

39. Protestant Reformation • Christianity was essentially a matter of an individual relationship between the believer and God---Individualism • overthrown the religious and political authority • Split from Roman Catholic Church

40. Protestant Reformation in England • Henry VIII • Broke with the Church of Rome • Anglican Church

41. Protestants in England • Anglicans • conservative Protestants • Puritans • Business Class • Purify the Anglican Church

42. Puritans • Business Class • hostile to the traditional structure of authority • From Religious Request to Political Request

43. The Puritan Age 1 Civil War/Puritan Revolution: Parliament VS. Monarch Charles I Olive Cromwell

44. The Puritan Age 2Cromwell Rise on Power • Overthrew Monarchy • Executed King • Republic • Protector of England • Virtually king Charles I Beheaded

45. The End of the Puritan AgeRestoration Charles II

46. Republic, Milton & Cromwell • Latin Secretary • Hated Monarch • Firmly supported Republic– a heaven on the earth • Disapproval of Dictatorship

47. Milton’s Personal TraumaDarkest Time • Books Banned • Jailed • Wife Died • Blindness • Threatened with execution and assassination • Totally Disillusioned

48. Dictated Paradise Lost in Blindness

49. Milton the Puritan • Attacked Unjust Authority • Advocated liberalizing restrictions on speech • Tireless champion of liberty • His Idea of Liberty

50. Milton’s Justification II • Liberty • Milton’s View of Liberty • Liberty and God • Liberty and Adam & Eve