Clinical Nutrition Overview & Body Condition Scoring

1. Clinical Nutrition Overview & Body Condition Scoring

2. Assessment & Feeding Plan Animal Food FeedingMethod Food FeedingMethod

3. Clinical Nutrition – An Iterative Process Step 1: Assess the animal • History • Physical examination - Body weight - Body condition score • Laboratory data base • Risk factors • Key nutritional factors - Nutrients of concern • Energy needs

4. Clinical Nutrition – An Iterative Process Step 2: Assess the food(s) • Dietary history • Visual inspection of food • Label evaluation • Obtain nutrient profile for overall diet • Compare nutrient intake versus optimal (KNF)

5. Clinical Nutrition – An Iterative Process Step 3: Assess the feeding method • Feeding Route • Amount fed • How food is offered • Access to other food • Who feeds the animal

6. Clinical Nutrition – An Iterative Process Step 4: Select a food(s) • Base food selection on key nutritional factors Step 5: Determine a feeding method Monitor patient response and return to Step 1

7. Body Condition Scoring 3 - Ideal Ribs – Easily felt with slight fat cover Tail Base – Smooth contour with slight fat cover Side View – Abdominal tuck Overhead view – Well-pronounced waist

8. Body Condition Scoring 1 – Very Thin Ribs – Easily felt with no fat cover Tail Base – Bones are raised, no fat cover Side View – Severe abdominal tuck Overhead view – Accentuated hourglass shape

9. Body Condition Scoring 2 - Underweight Ribs – Easily felt with little fat cover Tail Base – Bones are raised with slight fat cover Side View – Abdominal tuck Overhead view – Marked hourglass shape

10. Body Condition Scoring 4 - Overweight Ribs – Difficult to feel under moderate fat cover Tail Base – Some thickening bones palpable under moderate fat cover Side View – No abdominal tuck Overhead view – Back is slightly broadened at waist

11. Body Condition Scoring 5 - Obese Ribs – Difficult to feel under thick fat cover Tail Base – Thickened and difficult to feel under thick fat cover Side View – No waist, fat hangs from abdomen Overhead view – Back is markedly broadened

12. Estimation of Ideal Body Weight Hill’s unpublished 1995

13. Food Dosage Determination • Resting energy requirement (RER) • E used by adult at rest • Thermoneutral environment • Does not support activity, growth, or reproduction

14. Food Dosage Determination • RER (kcal/day) 70(BWtkg)0.75 (use for all body weights) 30(BWtkg) + 70* (*when BWt is 2 to 45 kg)

15. Food Dosage Determination • Daily energy requirement (DER) RER plus calories needed for: • Temperature regulation • Digestion & elimination of nutrients • Activity • Lifestage • Neuter status

16. Calculation of Energy Requirements Feline Maintenance: (0.8 -1.4 x RER) Neutered adult: = 1.2 x RER Intact adult: = 1.4 x RER Obese-prone: = 1.0 x RER Weight loss: = 0.8 x RER Weight gain: = 1.2-1.4 x RER at ideal weight

17. Calculation of Energy Requirements Canine Maintenance: (1.0 to 1.8 x RER) Neutered adult: = 1.6 x RER Intact adult: = 1.8 x RER Obese-prone: = 1.4 x RER Weight loss: = 1.0 x RER Weight gain: = 1.2-1.4 x RER at ideal weight Canine Work: Light work: = 2 x RER Moderate work: = 3 x RER Heavy work: = 4-8 x RER

18. Nutrient Recommendations - Canine *expressed as % DMB

19. Function/performance Reduced intake High intake Optimal range Deficiency Toxicity Minimum requirement Nutrient Intake Food Recommendations

20. Nutrient Recommendations - Canine *expressed as % DMB

21. Nutrient Recommendations - Canine *expressed as % DMB

22. Nutrient Recommendations - Feline *expressed as % DMB

23. Nutrient Recommendations - Feline *expressed as % DMB

24. Nutrient Recommendations - Feline *expressed as % DMB

25. Food Recommendations • Criteria for normal animals • Complete and balanced for intended species • Specific-purpose food • Meets optimal nutrient profile range • Nutrients are digestible and bioavailable • Passed a feeding trial for appropriate life stage • Marketed by research-oriented, value-added company • Personal experience with diet