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The Family and Delinquency

The Family and Delinquency. The Family and Delinquency. What is the role of the family in causing or preventing delinquency? How important is the family in considering possible causes of delinquency?. The Importance of Causality. A theme in this course. Reference: Lecture Six.

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The Family and Delinquency

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  1. The Family and Delinquency

  2. The Family and Delinquency • What is the role of the family in causing or preventing delinquency? • How important is the family in considering possible causes of delinquency?

  3. The Importance of Causality A theme in this course

  4. Reference: Lecture Six

  5. Reference: Lecture Four

  6. Reference: Lecture Six

  7. Social Institutions Shaping Youth Education System Family Community

  8. Viewpoints About the Family and Delinquency • Travis Hirschi: a weak child-parent bond or attachment explains delinquency(1969) • Joseph Rankin: homes with both biological parents missing explains running away, truancy, and auto theft(1983) • Sheppard Kellam, M. Ensminger, and R. J. Turner: Being raised by a mother alone explains delinquency(1977) Source: Glenn C. Loury, Ch 1 of Families, Schools, and Delinquency Prevention, eds. James Q. Wilson and Glenn C. Loury

  9. Trends Affecting Families Changes in Family Structure

  10. Source: US Statistical Abstract

  11. Marriage Rates Source: Center for Disease Control, CDC

  12. Number of Divorces and Children Affected Source: Center for Disease Control, CDC

  13. Age Specific Divorce Rates, men and Women Source: Center for Disease Control, CDC

  14. Divorce Rates by Duration of Marriage Source: Center for Disease Control, CDC

  15. Source: US Statistical Abstract

  16. Source: US Statistical Abstract

  17. Source: Glenn C. Loury, Ch 1 of Families, Schools, and Delinquency Prevention, eds. James Q. Wilson and Glenn C. Loury

  18. Post World War II Phenomenon • “In 1925, approximately 85 perent of black families living in Harlem were intact, and the teenage mother raising her children alone was virtually unknown...” Source: Glenn C. Loury, Ch 1 of Families, Schools, and Delinquency Prevention, eds. James Q. Wilson and Glenn C. Loury

  19. July 1, 2006

  20. Source: Glenn C. Loury, Ch 1 of Families, Schools, and Delinquency Prevention, eds. James Q. Wilson and Glenn C. Loury

  21. Source: Glenn C. Loury, Ch 1 of Families, Schools, and Delinquency Prevention, eds. James Q. Wilson and Glenn C. Loury

  22. Birth Rates for Unmarried Women By Age of Mother Source: Center for Disease Control, CDC

  23. Per Cent Low Birth Weight By Age of Mother Source: Center for Disease Control, CDC

  24. “The Rotten Kid Theorem” • Reference: Jack Hirshleifer, “The Expanding Domain of Economics” • Figure 1

  25. Daughter’s Income Father’s Income

  26. Daughter’s Selfish Preferences: UD = UD(YD) Daughter’s Income, YD Best Better Good Father’s Income, YF

  27. Family Joint Income Opportunities When Both the Child and Parent Agree Daughter’s Income Father’s Income

  28. Short-sighted selfish daughter prefers point R Daughter’s Income R Father’s Income

  29. Daughter’s Income Family Income = Daughter’s Income + Father’s Income Father’s Income

  30. Daughter’s Income Family Income Is Maximum At Point J R J Father’s Income

  31. How Does the Parent Inducethe Selfish Child to Act in the Family Interest? Did King Lear Have It Right?

  32. Father’s Altruistic Preferences: UF = UF(YD , YF) Daughter’s Income Father’s Income

  33. Why Does The Parent Care For The Child? • Darwinian (evolutionary) motive: survival of the genes

  34. If the father is sufficiently altruistic, then the daughter’s enlightened self-interest is to prefer point A, and she can be induced to behave in a cooperative way, allowing point J that leads to point A Daughter’s Income A R J Father’s Income

  35. If the father is insufficiently altruistic, then the daughter will prefer point R to point B and, as a result, family income and fortunes will be lower Daughter’s Income R B J Father’s Income

  36. So, Love, Not Greed, Makes the World Go ‘Round • In what kind of environment does love and caring flourish? • both biological parents are present • educated, enlightened self-interest • a family with enough time and resources to care for one another

  37. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth • survey of 14-23 year olds • self-report information about contact with the criminal justice system for -1979 • ever stopped by the police • ever charged with a crime • ever convicted of a crime • family income • family structure when youth was age 14

  38. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) Report: never stopped Report: never charged 14-23 years of age Report: never convicted Report: ever stopped 28.5% Report: ever charged 17.4% Report: ever convicted 10.1%

  39. NLSY: Family Structure, Age 14 4,927 boys and young men, ages 14-23 Source: William Comanor and Llad Phillips, “The Effect of Family Structure on Teen Delinquency”

  40. NLSY: Family Structure, Age 14 3119 girls and young women, ages 14-19, never married Source: William Comanor and Llad Phillips, “The Effect of Family Structure on Teen Delinquency”

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