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Variable Speed Pumps: Theory and Application

Learn how variable speed pumps can optimize water temperature, maintain specific Delta T, adapt to outdoor changes, and enhance system efficiency. Explore the universal hydronics equation and strategies for injection mixing. Understand the benefits of fixed and variable set points, options for boiler protection, and the significance of tee spacing in multi-temperature systems. Discover the workings of the 00-VS and 00-VR controllers in radiators, fan coils, and radiant heating applications. Gain insights into pump sizing, piping arrangements, and wiring for efficient HVAC performance.

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Variable Speed Pumps: Theory and Application

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  1. Variable Speed PumpsTheory and Application

  2. What Is Variable Speed Pumping? • Pump changes speed based on load • Curve shifts on both head and flow axis • More speed – more flow and head • Set point or outdoor reset • Zone valve/TRV or fan coil systems • Variable speed injection mixing

  3. Universal Hydronics Equation • GPM = BTUH ¸DT x 500 • Change heat load, change GPM needed • Change DT, change GPM needed • BTUH = GPM x DT x 500 • Change GPM, changeBTUH output • Change DT, changeBTUH output

  4. Variable Speed Pumps • Setpoint – 00-VS • Maintain specific water temp • Maintain specific Delta T • Outdoor reset – 00-VR • Injection mixing • Change supply water temp based on outdoor temp • 003 thru 0014

  5. The Many Uses of the 00-VS • Fixed set point • Adj. set point 30°- 210°F • RFH, radiators • Fan coils • Optional boiler protection • Program with dip switches & range dial

  6. Injection & Primary-Secondary • Perfect for multi-temp, multi-load systems • Key is tee spacing • 6” or 4 pipe diameters • At least 6” straight pipe on either side of tees • 1’ thermal traps

  7. Multi-Temp, Multi-Load

  8. Bypass – Boiler Protection

  9. In The Delta T Mode • For zone valve systems • Set for 200DT • All zones calling –full speed • As valves close –slow down! • Maintains 200DT • Reduces noise,smoother operation

  10. Same Thing Only Different… • Panel radiators, baseboardor zoned radiant • TRV’s or valve actuators • 00-VS speeds or slows based on heat calls

  11. How Does It Work? • All zones calling – lowestflow resistance • As zones close, flowresistance increases • System curve “backs up” pump curve • Noisy traffic jam! • 00-VR is traffic cop!

  12. Variable Speed– Outdoor Reset • Perfect for radiant jobs • “Delivery” reset • Changes SWT based on outside temps • Comfort and economy of operation • Lots of features… • Adjustable heating curve • Adjustable min/max SWT • Adjustable boiler protection • System pump relay

  13. Understanding Reset

  14. Changing Conditions Fixed SWT Variable SWT • Heat loss change every day • Fixed water temp =variable run times = cycling in mild times • Variable water temp =fixed run times =less short cycling =greater efficiency

  15. How Does It Know? • Four key numbers • Outdoor Design Temp • Mix Design • WWSD • Mix Start • Reset ratio = Mix Design Temp - 720 720 – Design Outdoor Temp

  16. = 72 - 0 = 72 Let’s Do One… • Mix Design = 130, Outdoor Design = 0 • 130 – 72 • 58 0.8

  17. What Does 0.8 Mean? • Radiant water temp increases 0.8 of a degree for every 1 degree drop in outdoor temperature • To program: • Move dial on VR control to correct ratio

  18. 00-VR Piping Arrangement

  19. 30,00060 x 500 Pipe & Pump Sizing • Radiant system – 30,000 BTUH, 100DT • 6 GPM, 5’ head loss • 1300 SWT, 1200 RWT • RFH supply pipe - 1” • Injection pipe sizing: • GPM = • GPM =1.00 • Injection legs = ½ • Taco 003-VR • Valve 30% open 1300 Radiant Supply 1800 Boiler Supply 1200 Radiant Return

  20. Wiring This Bad Boy…

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