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Why is optical networking interesting?

Why is optical networking interesting?. www.science.uva.nl/~delaat. Cees de Laat. Why is optical networking interesting?. www.science.uva.nl/~delaat. www.science.uva.nl/~de l aat. Cees de  aat. Cees de Laat. EU SURFnet University of Amsterdam SARA NIKHEF serena.

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Why is optical networking interesting?

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  1. Why is optical networking interesting? www.science.uva.nl/~delaat Cees de Laat

  2. Why is optical networking interesting? www.science.uva.nl/~delaat www.science.uva.nl/~delaat Cees de aat Cees de Laat EU SURFnet University of Amsterdam SARA NIKHEF serena

  3. What is this buzz about optical networking • Networks are already optical for ages • Users won’t see the light • Almost all current projects are about SONET circuits and Ethernet (old wine in new bags?) • Are we going back to the telecom world, do NRN’s want to become telco’s • Does it scale • Is it all about speed or is it integrated services

  4. Current technology + (re)definition • Current (to me) available technology consists of SONET/SDH switches • Changing very soon! • DWDM+switching coming up • Starlight uses for the time being VLAN’s on Ethernet switches to connect [exactly] two ports • So redefine a l as: “a l is a pipe where you can inspect packets as they enter and when they exit, but principally not when in transit. In transit one only deals with the parameters of the pipe: number, color, bandwidth”

  5. VLBI

  6. Know the user (3 of 12) # of users A C B ADSL GigE LAN F(t) BW requirements A -> Lightweight users, browsing, mailing, home use B -> Business applications, multicast, streaming, VPN’s, mostly LAN C -> Special scientific applications, computing, data grids, virtual-presence

  7. What the user (4 of 12) Total BW A B C ADSL GigE LAN BW requirements A -> Need full Internet routing, one to many B -> Need VPN services on/and full Internet routing, several to several C -> Need very fat pipes, limited multiple Virtual Organizations, few to few

  8. So what are the facts (5 of 12) • Costs of fat pipes (fibers) are one/third of equipment to light them up • Is what Lambda salesmen tell me • Costs of optical equipment 10% of switching 10 % of full routing equipment for same throughput • 100 Byte packet @ 10 Gb/s -> 80 ns to look up in 100 Mbyte routing table (light speed from me to you on the back row!) • Big sciences need fat pipes • Bottom line: create a hybrid architecture which serves all users in one consistent cost effective way

  9. Scale 2-20-200 (5b of 12)

  10. Services (5c of 12) COST

  11. lambda for high bandwidth applications Bypass of production network Middleware may request (optical) pipe RATIONALE: Lower the cost of transport per packet (6 of 12) Application Application High bandwidth app Middleware Middleware Transport Transport Switch 2.5Gb lambda Router UvA GbE SURFnet5 ams Router Lambda Switch Router chi GbE 3rd party carriers Router Lambda Switch Router GbE Router UBC Vancouver Switch

  12. CA*net 4 Architecture (7 of 12) CANARIE GigaPOP ORAN DWDM Carrier DWDM Edmonton Saskatoon St. John’s Calgary Regina Quebec Winnipeg Charlottetown Thunder Bay Montreal Victoria Ottawa Vancouver Fredericton Halifax Boston Seattle Chicago New York CA*net 4 node) Toronto Possible future CA*net 4 node Windsor

  13. Architectures - L1 - L3 (8 of 12) R Internet R L2 VPN’s SW Internet R R Bring plumbing to the users, not just create sinks in the middle of nowhere

  14. (8a of 12) Distributed L2

  15. Transport in the corners (9 of 13) BW*RTT ? C Needs more App & Middleware interaction Full optical future For what current Internet was designed B A # FLOWS

  16. (9a of 13)

  17. Layer - 2 requirements from 3/4 (10 of 14) high RTT WS L2 fast->slow L2 slow->fast WS fast fast • TCP is bursty due to sliding window protocol and slow start algorithm. So pick from menu: • Flow control • Traffic Shaping • RED (Random Early Discard) • Self clocking in TCP • Deep memory • Window = BandWidth * RTT & BW == slow • fast - slow • Memory-at-bottleneck = ___________ * slow * RTT • fast

  18. Forbidden area, solutions for s when f = 1 Gb/s, M = 0.5 Mbyte AND NOT USING FLOWCONTROL = 158 ms = RTT Amsterdam - Vancouver or Berkeley s rtt

  19. (11 of 14) Daisy Chain control model of administrative domains Selector Switch Distributor Switch AAA AAA Domain X Domain Y

  20. ResourceManager ResourceManager ResourceManager ResourceManager ResourceManager ResourceManager ResourceManager net QoS Highspeed Data Transport Monitors Tertiary Storage On-Line Storage Scientific Instruments CPUs (12 of 14) Problem Solving Environment Applications and Supporting Tools Application Development Support Collective GridServices Fault Management Global Queuing Co-Scheduling Data Cataloguing Brokering Auditing Monitoring Authorization Common GridServices Grid Information Service UniformResourceAccess Global EventServices Uniform Data Access Communication Services (Resource) Grid Security Infrastructure (authentication, proxy, secure transport) the neck Communication Grid access (proxy authentication, authorization, initiation) Fabric Grid task initiation LocalResources layers of increasing abstraction taxonomy

  21. 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (13 of 14) GRID-Layer CE L1 L2 SE L3 GRID-Layer L3 ISP’s peering NE UE

  22. 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (13b of 14) GRID-Layer CE L3/4 L2 L1 L1 SE GRID-Layer L1 l-tranport ISP’s NE UE

  23. Research needed (13c of 14) • Optical devices • Internet Architecture • Network Elements as Grid Resources • Transport protocols get in other corners • How dynamic must your optical underware be • Don’t mix trucks and Ferrari’s

  24. Revisiting the truck of tapes (14 of 14) • Consider one fiber • Current technology allows 320 in one of the frequency bands • Each  has a bandwidth of 40 Gbit/s • Transport: 320 * 40*109 / 8 = 1600 GByte/sec • Take a 10 metric ton truck • One tape contains 50 Gbyte, weights 100 gr • Truck contains ( 10000 / 0.1 ) * 50 Gbyte = 5 PByte • Truck/fiber=5 PByte/1600 GByte/sec= 3125 s ≈ one hour • For distances further away than a truck drives in one hour (50 km) minus loading and handling 100000 tapes the fiber wins!!!

  25. (15 of 14) The END Thanks to TERENA: David Williams SURFnet: Kees Neggers UIC&iCAIR: Tom DeFanti, Joel Mambretti CANARIE: Bill St. Arnaud Support from: SURFnet EU-IST project DATATAG 26/11/1910 -- 11/9/2002

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