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Exploring Chemical Energy and Enzymes: The Key to Understanding Energy Transformation

Discover the fundamentals of chemical energy, enzymes, and energy transformation through examples and discussions. Learn about potential vs. kinetic energy, types of energy, cellulose breakdown, enzyme catalysis, and protein structures. Engage in activities to grasp the concept better.

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Exploring Chemical Energy and Enzymes: The Key to Understanding Energy Transformation

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  1. Chemical Energy and Enzymes

  2. All Energy Comes from the Sun http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://water.me.vccs.edu/concepts/oxcycle.jpg&imgrefurl=http://water.me.vccs.edu/concepts/oxycycle.html&usg=__TWl99eJyOyBSlNL6B6MFXlBUf-c=&h=277&w=354&sz=21&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&tbnid=epfLkYKHCfE7cM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=121&ei=Pg-DUOGPDej22QWG24GYAg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dphotosynthesis%2Boxygen%2Brespiration%2Bcarbon%2Bdioxide%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1

  3. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed BUT it can change form! First Law of Thermodynamics

  4. Potential vs. Kinetic Energy • Activity: • Paper drop

  5. Discussion • What are some other examples of potential  kinetic energy? • How might we use these in our day-to-day lives? • What are some types of energy (not potential or kinetic)?

  6. Types of Energy

  7. Chemical Energy • Activities • “Encouraging” cellulose/glucose breakdown • Chemical energy • Energy of activation • Energy diagram – “happy” state • Exothermic • Endothermic http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2012/disrud_sama/templates/photosynthesis1.gif&imgrefurl=http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2012/disrud_sama/nutrition.htm&usg=__8k5LXmT-5KYHFAQa4c7NapVTGxw=&h=248&w=288&sz=16&hl=en&start=42&zoom=1&tbnid=uNmSBJq5mn0rGM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=115&ei=kw-DUOHTHcHq2AW72IC4Bg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dphotosynthesis%26start%3D40%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1 420chopshop.com

  8. Cellulose/Glucose CO2 + H2O gcserevision101.wordpress.com

  9. Glucose 6CO2 + 6H2O Pearson Benjamin Cummins

  10. Sugar Metabolism: The Quickest Route to Cellular Chemical Energy

  11. Cellulose Breakdown for Food Energy en.wikipedia.org turon.com thinnertimes.com

  12. Enzymes catalyze cellulose breakdown engj.org

  13. Enzymes are our cells’ catalysts Pearson Benjamin Cummins g11-bioa-2011-12.wikispaces.com

  14. Catalysts increase the number of activated molecules Glucose 6CO2 + 6H2O Pearson Benjamin Cummins

  15. Enzymes are proteins that Have a particular 3D shape Enzyme active site is where catalysis occurs blobs.org

  16. Garland Scientific As proteins, enzymes are “strings” of many amino acids. Each amino acid has its own physical/chemical properties. All proteins fold to particular shapes; enzymes fold to have active sites of particular shape/size/chemical properties.

  17. Cellular Polymers Are Macromolecules • Biological • Polysaccharides • Cellulose • Amylose, amylopectin • Nucleic acids • DNA • RNA • Proteins • Consider proteins as substrates for proteases

  18. Enzyme Demonstration • Protease activity • Protein in gelatin • Bromelain = protease • Fresh vs. canned pineapple healthyself19.wordpress.com thenakedscientists.com

  19. Let’s Recap… • Chemical energy • Spontaneous reactions are exothermic • Measured by Gibb’s free energy (DG) • Activation energy (“spark” starts cellulose breakdown) • Enzymes lower activation energy • Bromelain protease (pineapple in gelatin) • Active site holds substrate(s) in high energy transition state • Enzymes must be in proper 3D structure to catalyze a reaction

  20. Discussion • What you know: • Jello contains gelatin, a protein (polymer) • Pineapple contains bromelain (a protease) • Some jello contains canned pineapple • Some jello contains fresh pineapple • What happened in the samples w/ fresh pineapple? Why? • What happened in the samples w/ canned pineapple? • Why the difference?

  21. What controls were used? • Why were these controls used? • What comparisons could you make between your controls and your “treated” samples? • What information is useful for your introduction? Methods? • What observations will you describe? • How will you state your conclusions?

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