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Neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine (ACh). Enables muscle action, REM sleep, and memory Undersupply, as ACh-producing neurons deteriorate, marks Alzheimer’s disease. Dopamine. Reward and Motivation, Motor Control over Voluntary Movements
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Acetylcholine (ACh) • Enables muscle action, REM sleep, and memory • Undersupply, as ACh-producing neurons deteriorate, marks Alzheimer’s disease
Dopamine • Reward and Motivation, Motor Control over Voluntary Movements • Excessive dopamine receptor activity is linked to schizophrenia; a lack of dopamine produces the tremors and lack of mobility of Parkinson’s disease
Serotonin • Affects mood, hunger, temperature regulation, sleep, and arousal • Undersupply is linked to depression; Prozac and other anti-depressants raise serotonin levels
Norepinephrine • Helps to control alertness, dreaming, waking from sleep, reactions to stress • Undersupply can depress mood
GABA • Neural inhibitor with a tranquilizing effect. • Undersupply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia
Glutamate • Involved in memory • Oversupply can overstimulate the brain, producing migraines or seizures
Endorphins • Natural opiates that are released in response to pain and vigorous exercise
Epinephrine • Adrenaline Burst of Energy (small amounts in brain)