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Thinking ahead…

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The emergence of cities was a significant milestone in human history, necessitated by the Neolithic Revolution. This era saw the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled farming communities. Systematic agriculture, enabled by the domestication of animals and cultivation of crops like wheat, barley, and maize, led to food surpluses. This abundance facilitated the establishment of trade, division of labor, and the rise of new occupations, ultimately giving rise to complex societies and communities. The Neolithic Revolution, therefore, laid the groundwork for the development of cities.

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Thinking ahead…

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  1. Thinking ahead… • What conditions are necessary for the formation of cities?

  2. The Neolithic Era

  3. Neolithic Revolution • neo = new lithic = stone • Animal domestication • Systematic agriculture

  4. Domestication of Animals • Domestication • Adapting for human use • Reliable source of: • Meat • Milk • Wool • Work • Led to agricultural revolution

  5. Agricultural Revolution • Abundance of food • No more need for nomadic life • Live in communities • Mesolithic Era (10000BCE – 7000BCE) • meso = middle lithic = rock • Gradual period of change

  6. Systematic Agriculture • Growing food on a regular basis • Southwest Asia • Wheat and barley • Pigs, cows, goats, sheep • Spread to Europe and Mediterranean Sea by 4000BCE

  7. Systematic Agriculture • Growing food on a regular basis • Nile Valley in Egypt (6000BCE) • Tubers – root crops • Yams • Tree crops • Bananas • Wheat and barley

  8. Systematic Agriculture • Growing crops on a regular basis • Southeast Asia (5000BCE) • Rice • Millet • Dogs • Pigs

  9. Systematic Agriculture • Growing crops on a regular basis • Western Hemisphere (7000BCE – 5000BCE) • Mesoamericans • Present-day Mexico and Central America • Beans • Squash • Maize • Dogs • Fowl

  10. Farming Villages • Europe, India, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica • Oldest in SW Asia • Jericho • 8000BCE • CatalHuyuk • 6700BCE

  11. CatalHuyuk • Modern-day Turkey • 32 acres • 6000 inhabitants • Mud brick houses • Close together • Not many streets • Enter through roof

  12. CatalHuyuk • Farming • At least a dozen products • Fruits • Nuts • Wheat • Domestication • Meat • Milk • Hides • Hunting

  13. CatalHuyuk • Surplus • Led to creation of new occupations • Artisans • Skilled workers • Made weapons and jewelry to trade with neighboring people • Religion • Shrines • Statues of gods and goddesses • Statues of women giving birth or nursing

  14. Effects of Neolithic Revolution • Settlement • Systematic agriculture • Surplus • Encouraged trade • Division of labor • Artisans and laborers • Artisans • Developed better technology

  15. Effects of Neolithic Revolution • Gender roles • Men • Farming • Herding animals • Women • Caring for children • Weaving cloth for clothes • Roles in society

  16. End of the Neolithic Age • 4000BCE – 3000BCE • Metalworking • Heat metal-bearing rocks • Casts and molds • Copper

  17. Bronze Age • 3000BCE – 1200BCE • Bronze = copper + tin • Harder, more durable than copper

  18. Iron Age • 1000BCE

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