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CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND THEIR LIBERATION

CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND THEIR LIBERATION. "First they came for the Communists but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out; Then they came for the Socialists and the Trade Unionists but I was not one of them, so I did not speak out;

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CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND THEIR LIBERATION

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  1. CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND THEIR LIBERATION "First they came for the Communists but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out; Then they came for the Socialists and the Trade Unionists but I was not one of them, so I did not speak out; Then they came for the Jews but I was not Jewish so I did not speak out. And when they came for me, there was no one left to speak out for me." Martin Niemoller, 1892-1984

  2. ANTI SEMITISM • Was created in 1879 • First used by Wilhelm Marr • German agitator to explain the current anti-Jewish campaigns in Europe • The hostility or prejudice against the Jewish race and ethnic group • Extremism in Germany made by Hitler leads to . . .

  3. THE FINAL SOLUTION • Plan to exterminate all of Jewish people • Implemented in stages • Nazis and Hitler rose to power • State-enforced racism in Jewish legislation • Boycotts • “Night of Broken Glass” • All leading to isolation of Jews

  4. 1939 CAMPS

  5. CAMPS • Auschwitz Poland (Monowitz, Birkenau) • Dachau Munich, Germany • Majdanek Lublin, Poland • Buchenwald Weimar, Germany • Belsen Celle, Germany

  6. DACHAU • First camp to be created • March 1933 • Empty munitions factory • 10 miles west of Munic, Germany

  7. CAMP STRUCTURE

  8. Auschwitz • Largest camp established • Broken down three camps • Auschwitz I: • Concentration camp • Auschwitz II: • Birkenau Killing Center • Auschwitz III: • Monowitz Forced Labor camp • 1.1 million Jews eliminated • Other victums • Christian Poles • Roma Gypsies • Soviet Prisoners of war

  9. DEPORTATIONS

  10. ENTERING CAMPS

  11. HOW?

  12. GAS CHAMBERS • Gas vans • Gas used: • Carbon Monoxide • Zyklon B • Tested on Gypsy children • Delousing to control Typhus • September 3, 1941 first killing 600 Soviet POW’s • Most deaths from Gas

  13. CREMETORIUMS • Put in all camps • Auschwitz camp • Estimated killing capacity up to 340 every 24 hours • Normally dead first

  14. MEDICAL EXPIRAMENTS • Three main groups • 1) Tests aimed at easing survival of military personnel • 2) Testing pharmaceuticals treating military and occupation personnel. • 3) Advancing racial ideological tenets of Nazi worldview • Other testing • Sterilization experiments in Auschwitz and Ravensbrueck on “unfit” races

  15. ALL INVOLVED • Hitler – creator of “Final Solution” • Dr. Josef Mengele – experimented on prisoners • Many SS officers – killed and controlled Jewish and other prisoners • U.S. troops – liberated camps • Soviet troops – liberated camps

  16. NEWS OF LIBERATION • News of the U.S. and Soviet troops moving forward set off alarm for Germans • Began Death marches • Destroyed crematories and gas chambers • Prisoner riots began

  17. DEATH MARCH • 1944-1945 Largest took place • Nine days before reaching Auschwitz 60,000 marched toward Wodzislaw then put onto trains • One march consisted of 6,000 women 1,000 men • 600 died • The remainder were forced into the ocean and shot

  18. PUSHED FORWARD

  19. FINAL LIBERATION • Camps liberated by Soviet Union: • Majdanek – July 1944 • Belzec, Sobiber, Treblinka – summer of 1944 • Auschwitz – January 1945 • Stutthof • Sachsenhausen • Ravensbrueck

  20. LIBERATION cont’d • Liberated by U.S.: • Dachau – April 1945 • Buchenwald – April 11, 1945 • Dora-Mittelbau – April 1945 • Mauthausen – May 1945 • Flossenbuerg

  21. AFTER LIBERATION • No homes to go to • Many died weeks after liberation from malnutrition • Many had louse-borne Typhus fever and had to be treated • Treated with doxycycline 200 for 24 hours • Never could fully return to their lives before

  22. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF NON-COMBAT DEATHS • Ukrainians 5.5-7 million • Jews (all countries) 6 million + • Russian POW’s 3.3 million + • Russian civilians 2 million + • Poles 3 million + • Gypsies 200 – 500 thousand • Disabled 70 – 250 thousand • Homosexuals tens of thousands

  23. CREDITS • Page 1 – picture……………google images • Page 2 – cartoon…………...google images • Page 3 – picture………………..google images • Page 4 – map………….............holocaust museum • Page 5 – map…………………..holocaust museum • Page 7 – picture(1,2)………….google images • Page 8 – map………................holocaust-history.org • Page 9 – picture (1,2)……........google images • Page 10 – map………..............holocaust museum • Page 11 – map………………….holocaust museum • Page 13-17 – pictures …………google images • Page 22 – map………………….holocaust museum • Page 24 – picture……………….google images • Page 25 – map………………….holocaust museum

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