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Legacy of Charlemagne: Europe After Rome

Explore the transformation of Europe post-Roman Empire fall, focusing on Frankish Kingdoms, early Middle Ages culture, and Church influence. Learn about Charlemagne, his reign, leadership, and legacy. Discover the impact of manuscript illumination, missionary work, and the expanded role of clergy during this tumultuous historical period.

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Legacy of Charlemagne: Europe After Rome

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  1. Global connections Unit 3 Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire The Frankish Kingdoms

  2. The Early Middle Ages500-1000 AD • Characteristics (a dark age?) • Culture • 3 elements (German, Christian, Roman) • How did the Church survive as the Empire fell? • Autonomy (courts and law) • Leadership • Organization

  3. Life after Rome 476 AD: Western Roman Empire falls • Europe is chaotic • Barbarian tribes established Kingdoms throughout Europe • Franks in France • Angles, Saxons and Jutes in Britain

  4. The Expanded Role of the Clergy • Early Caesaropapism: Popes of this time were forced to assume both temporal and spiritual authority • Pope Gregory the Great (590-614) (Chant) • exercised independent Temporal power (ex: helped the poor) • Fostered the monastic movement in Western Europe • St. Benedict (Monte Cassino 529): The rules for monastic life • The Role of Monks and Nuns • Manuscript illumination • Missionary work (St. Boniface) • Hospitals, education of farmers

  5. Germanic Culture • Oral tradition • Rural not urban • Legal system • Trial by ordeal • Customs • Polygamy • Incest

  6. Manuscript Illumination

  7. The Frankish Kingdom • Clovis • Allied with the Roman Catholic Church and united Frankish Kingdoms in 496 • Began the Merovingian Dynasty • On his death years of civil war and the empire divided into 3 parts • Result: Emergence of a noble warrior class and a new position Mayor of the Palace

  8. Europe in 526 AD

  9. The Carolingians • Began as a Mayors of the Palace • Restructured the Frankish lands • Pippin of Landon, Pippin II, Charles Martel, Pippin III (or “The Short”) • Charles Martel 714-741: Battle of Tours (732) • The end of the Merovingians • Pippin III (the short): Asked the Pope to name him “King of the Franks” • 1st Carolingian King of the Franks

  10. Biographical Information • Born April 2, 742 in Aix-la-Chapelle, France • Son of Pepin III • Hunting, riding, and singing • Christian upbringing • 4 legal wives and 6 concubines • Many children only 3 reached adulthood

  11. Scholarship • He Studied Logic, Rhetoric, Dialects • He could read Latin but could not write • Sponsored education by establishing Cathedral schools (most imp?) • At his court in Aachen (aka. Aix-Le-Chapelle) Charlemagne assembled scholars • Alcuin of Northumbria • Einhard (Vita Caroli)

  12. Charles as Emperor • Charlemagne and Carloman (his brother) assumed the throne in 768 • When Carloman-died 771 Charles becomes the sole ruler • Saved Papacy from Lombards 773-774 • Defeated the Byzantines and the Avars • Used fear and his incredible energy to control his Empire • 4,000 Saxons killed at Verdun in one day

  13. The Empire of Charlemagne

  14. Organization of the Empire • Delegated authority to local Counts • Checked on what they were doing using a system of Missi Dominici (agents of the King) • One clergy one layman (every year) • He sought to awe conquered peoples with his fierce presence and terrible justice

  15. Battle of Roncesvalles 778 • On way home form Spain his rear guard was ambushed by Basques or Saracens • Charlemagne’s only defeat • Roland became a great hero of many songs, dances, and romances (The Song of Roland)

  16. The Coronation of Charlemagne • Christmas Day 800 • Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor • This event solidifies his identity as a man of Frankish practices and Christian ideals • Benefits for Charles? The Church? • Did he know?

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