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Understanding Data Levels and Measurement: Statistics Concepts and Applications

Explore the fundamentals of statistics, measurement levels, and data analysis. Learn about descriptive and inferential statistics, levels of measurement, and types of variables. Understand data organization, coding, entry, and cleaning procedures.

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Understanding Data Levels and Measurement: Statistics Concepts and Applications

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  1. Organizing and Displaying Data

  2. Quantitative Research • Experiments • Surveys • Correlational studies

  3. Meta-analysis • Psychometric evaluations

  4. Selected research concepts • Population • Aggregates • Parameters • Sample • Statistics: describe characteristics of a group of people.

  5. What is the statistics? • A branch of applied math. that deals with collecting, organizing and interpreting data using well-defined procedures

  6. Purposes of statistics • Describe and summarize information • Make predictions about occurrences based on observations. • Generalize findings • Identify associations, relationships and differences between sets of observations

  7. Types of Stats • Descriptive • Inferential

  8. variables • A characteristic being measured that varies among persons, events, or objects being studied.

  9. Levels of measurement • Nominal (categorical) : the lowest form of measurement assign numbers to the variable under study, absolutely arbitrary as label for data entry purposes.

  10. Examples of nominal variables • Gender 1 = male 2 = female • Medical Diagnosis 1= medical 2= surgical 3= Neuro

  11. Ordinal Measurement : numbers assigned in categories and these categories are ordered in some meaningful way

  12. Age categories: 1= 20-25 years 2= 26-50 years 3= 51-75 years 4= above 76 years

  13. Patient positioning schedule: 1= Q2hrs 2= Q 3-4 hrs 3= Q 6hrs

  14. Pain intensity 0= no pain 1= minor/ slightly painful 2= moderately painful 3= severe pain

  15. Interval level of measurement: the distance between ordered categories is equal based upon accepted physical unit of measurement. (experimental)

  16. Temperature: 60°F is warmer than 50°F by 10° which is equal the difference between 40° F and 30 ° F , but we can not say that 60°F is two times as hot as 30 ° F because the Zero point does not mean absence of heat. • There is no real or rational zero point in interval measurement.

  17. Ratio level of measurement : the most precise and meaningful level of measurement, with equal interval and presence of zero point. (Experimental)

  18. Blood pressure: 130/80, 140/90… • Pulse: 80/m, 60/m… • Weight: 60kgs, 110kgs.

  19. Comparison of different levels of measurement

  20. Understanding Data • Data coding • Data entry • Data cleaning • Missing data

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