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PRESBYOPIC CONTENT OF VISION SCREENING EXERCISE IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

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PRESBYOPIC CONTENT OF VISION SCREENING EXERCISE IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

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    1. PRESBYOPIC CONTENT OF VISION SCREENING EXERCISE IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EU IKONNE, OU AMAECHI; EB UZODIKE, ABSU

    2. INTRODUCTION: ETIOLOGY OF REFRACTIVE ERROR Axial Length: (i) Myopia – “Long” eyeball (ii) Hyperopia – “Short” eyeball Refractive: (i) Myopia – “Strong” eyeball Myopia (ii) Hyperopia – “Weak” eyeball Hyperopia

    3. (iii) Unequal refractive power of curved surface – Astigmatism Astigmatism Etiology of Presbyopia “Weakening of Accommodative Mechanism (Advance in Age Recession Available Near Point

    4. CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM TOTAL POPULATION SCREENED EMMETROPIA REFRACTIVE ERROR EMMETROPE MYOPE HYPEROPE ASTIGMAT PRESBYOPES

    5. LOCALE OF STUDY:

    6. Objective: To screen for corrected and uncorrected refractive errors in a mixed population METHODOLOGY: (1) Mobilization (a) Permission from the L.G.A Chairman (b) Awareness through (i) Town criers (ii) Announcements in churches (iii) Posters in Public places (iv) Meeting with Town Unions (v) Meeting with Traditional Rulers, Community Heads, Village Heads Screening Points: Town Hall, School Halls, Health Centres Manpower: - 3 Clinic supervisors - 30 Clinicians

    7. Organization: 5 major groups (1) Registration/clerking the subjects (2) Visual Acuity at far & near/Blood Pressure (3) Ophthalmoscopy (4) Retinoscopy/Refraction (5) Dispensing/Counseling PATIENT FLOW Duration: 2 days for each community (10 days) Friday and Saturday Clinic Instruments: Snellen charts, Trail Frame, Trail Case with accessories, sphygmomanometer, Retinoscope, Ophthalmoscope etc.

    8. Results: (i) Screened – 16,783 (11.20% of Ikeduru L.G.A.) % OF THE POP. IKEDURU LGA SCREENED

    9. (ii) No within 35years and above – 9,853 (58.72%) SCREENED POP WHO ARE 35YEARS AND ABOVE

    10. (iii) Presbyopic cases – 7,133 (42.50%) of Ikeduru L.G.A. PRESBYOPIC POPULATION SCREENED

    11. Presbyopia is defined as recession of available near point – N5 at 40cm

    12. PROJECTIONS: IKEDURU L.G.A. Population - 150,000 No. Presbyopic cases 63,700 IMO STATE Population (199 census) 3.8million No. Presbyopic cases 1.62million NIGERIA Population 120 million (1999 census) No. Presbyopic cases - 51 million ie 425,000/million population Limitations: Subjective Age declaration Use of manual instrument Inaccurate Census figures More adults responded DISCUSSION In a population-based study of Presbyopia in Rural Tanzania by Burke et al with the objective of determining the prevalence of Presbyopia in a rural African population, 61.70% of eligible participants were Presbyopic: Eligible participants: 40years and above.

    13. Factors for higher prevalence Increased Age Female gender (higher) Higher Educational Level Residence in town (Environmental factors-more studies recommended) Ikeduru has a mixed population Urban, Semi-Urban and rural and has a prevalence of 42.50%. According to Carey in her discussion, assigned 31% to U.S.A. 16% to Haiti in the population demographics of Prebyopia Thank you for listening

    14. References Bark, A. G., Pater, I., Munoz, B., Kayongoya, A., McHiwaw, Schavarzwalder, A.W., West S.K. (2006): population-based study of presbyopia in rural Tanzania J Ophthalmol, 113 (5): 723 – 727. (2) Carey M. Discussion on Presbyopia Dept. of Ophthalmology Typerberg Academic Hospital.

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