Rocks Unit P.94

1. Rocks Unit P.94 • Set Up Your Cornell Notes • Open your big red textbook to page 94. • Hand in your progress report • Late work is due, grades go in the computer tomorrow.

2. Rocks Unit P.94 • Standard IIIA: Earth Structure and Processes The student will identify Earth’s composition, structure and processes. The student will classify and identify rocks and minerals using characteristics including but not limited to density, hardness and streak. The student will describe the various processes and interactions of the rock cycle.

3. Learning Objectives – Rocks & the Rock Cycle • Describe the rock cycle and each of its processes. • Describe the three types of rocks, how they formed and how they are classified and identified. • Be able to identify rocks as either Igneous, Metamorphic or Sedimentary.

4. Atomsmake upelements. There is a hierarchy to the elements of Geology Elementscombine to form the naturalcompounds. Naturalcompoundsandelementscombineto formminerals. . Mineralsmake uprocks. Rocksmake up theEarth.

5. Rocks and the Rock CycleChapter 4 • Rock - a mixture of one or more minerals, mineraloids, volcanic glass and/or organic (living) matter

6. Rocks and the Rock CycleChapter 4 • The Rock Cycle: Shows the processes by which Earth materials change to form the 3 different types of rocks.

7. Interactive Rock Cycle Animation • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm?chapter_no=investigation

10. Rocks and the Rock CycleChapter 4 Page. 96 • There are three main types of rocks: 1. Igneous – rocks formed from magma or lava Classified based on • A. Origin (Where & How they formed) • Intrusive or Extrusive B. Texture (size of crystals/grains) • C. Chemical (Mineral) composition. • (Basaltic or Andesitic or Granitic) 2. Metamorphic – rocks changed from heat and pressure deep underground • Classified based on their texture. • (Foliated or Non-foliated) 3. Sedimentary – rocks formed from compacted sediments • Classified based on the composition & origin of the sediments. • (Detrital or Chemical or Organic)

11. Classifying Igneous Rocks • IGNEOUS ROCKS - rocks that formed from the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava. • Igneous rocks are classified three ways; • by where they were formed (Intrusive or Extrusive) • Texture (size of crystals) • by their chemical composition. (Basaltic or Andesitic or Granitic) Rhyolite

12. Igneous Rocks - Origin • 1. Extrusive igneous rocks (aka Volcanic rocks) form at the earth's surface as lava cools. • Forms small crystals (can’t see with naked eye). • These rocks have a fine (small) crystalline texture. • Examples • Basalt • Rhyolite • Scoria (no crystals) • Pumice (no crystals) • Obsidian(no crystals)

13. Igneous Rocks - Origin • 2. Intrusive igneous rocks (aka Plutonic Rocks) form deep underground where magma cools slowly. • Forms large crystals to form that are easily seen. • These rocks have a coarse (large) crystalline texture. • Examples: • Granite • Gabbro

14. Igneous Rocks - Chemical Composition • Igneous rocks are also classified by their chemical composition. • Basaltic (aka Mafic) Igneous rocks • composed of mostly Iron (Fe) and Magnesium (Mg). • dark and higher densities Examples: Basalt, Gabbro • Andesitic Igneous rocks (aka Intermediate chemical composition). • Chemically In between granitic and basaltic. Examples: Andesite, Diorite • Granitic (aka Felsic) Igneous rocks • composed mostly of Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O) and Aluminum (Al). • Light in color and lower density Examples: Granite, Rhyolite

15. Igneous Rocks P. 93 Basaltic Composition Intermediate Composition Granitic Composition

16. How do Metamorphic Rocks Form? P. 110 • Set up Your Cornell Notes • Open Your Text To Page 110. • Hand in Classifying Igneous Rocks • Progress Reports Due Thursday

17. Metamorphic Rocks P. 110 • Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been changed in form due to heat, pressure, and chemical alteration deep underground. • They are classified by the arrangement of the mineral grains • 1. FOLIATED – The mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel bands or layers. • Examples of foliated Metamorphic Rocks • Slate • Schist • Gneiss • 2. NONFOLIATED - Mineral grains change, grow and rearrange but don’t form bands. • Examples of non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks • Marble • Quartzite

18. Metamorphic Rocks P. 110 • Metamorphic Rocks DO NOT MELT! • Minerals can grow larger in size. • Elements can rearrange and bond with different elements in the rock to form new minerals. • Example : Pick up the Greenstone on your desk

19. Metamorphic Rocks P. 110 • There are Levels of Metamorphism • Slate (less heat & pressure) • Phyllite • Schist • Gneiss (more heat & pressure)

20. Metamorphic Rocks P. 110 • Examples of rocks changing into met. Rocks due to heat and pressure. • Shale (sed) changes to slate • Basalt (Ig) changes to schist • Basalt (Ig) can also change to greenstone • Sandstone (sed) changes into Quartzite • Slate (met) changes into phyllite (met) then schist (met) then gneiss (met) • Granite (Ig) changes into granite gneiss

21. Sedimentary Rocks P.102 • Hand in Metamorphic Rocks (assigned Friday). • Open Your Text To Page 102 • Set Up Your Cornell Notes

22. Sedimentary Rocks P. 102 • Sediments are broken pieces of rocks and minerals. • Clay, silt, sand, gravel, cobble, boulder are sizes of sediments • Weathering is the process of breaking rocks into smaller pieces by wind, water, glaciers and gravity. • Erosion and deposition is the process of MOVING (transporting) these materials.

23. Sedimentary Rocks P. 102 • Sedimentary Rocks form when sediments are compacted (squeezed) and cemented (glued) together. • Sedimentary rocks can also be formed by evaporation or precipitation from solution. • Most sedimentary rocks are formed of layers of materials that have washed into lakes, rivers, and the ocean.

24. Sedimentary Rocks P. 102 • There are 3 groups of Sedimentary Rocks • 1. Clastic (detrital) Sedimentary Rocks form from bits and pieces of other rocks. • 2. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks consist of minerals deposited from a solution. • 3. Organic Sedimentary Rocks consist of organic matter such as plants and animal remains.

25. Sedimentary Rocks 1. Detrital (Clastic) Sedimentary Rocks • Rocks formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments. • Weathering and erosion by gravity, rivers, ice/glaciers, wind, and waves carry sediment. • Examples • Conglomerate • Sandstone • Shale

26. Sedimentary Rocks

27. Sedimentary Rocks 2. Organic Sedimentary Rocks • Organically-formed sedimentary rocks form from the remains of plants and animals. • Examples • Fossil limestone • Coal • Coquina • Chalk • Why can’t igneous or metamorphic rocks have fossils?

28. Sedimentary Rocks

29. Sedimentary Rocks 3. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks • Chemically-formed sedimentary rocks come from minerals carried in solution into lakes and seas. • The minerals that form the rock precipitate out or are left when the solution evaporates. • Examples • Limestone (calcium carbonate) • Gypsum (calcium sulfate) • Salt (sodium chloride)

30. Rocks and the Rock Cycle - Chapter 4 PowerPoint Presentation • You and your group will create a PowerPoint Presentation on three types of rock and the rock cycle. • Each member is responsible for completing the research for the presentation using his/her textbook. Use the handout provided and complete the outline. Each member completes a section of the outline. All members then review the information and check for accuracy. • All members work together in putting the information into the slide show. *You cannot begin the show until your research is completed. • Diagrams, examples and pictures of rocks can be added by using the links on our web site. • Copy, Paste any pictures you use – do NOT save them on the computer! • Save all work into your group’s folder.

31. Rocks and the Rock Cycle - Chapter 4 PowerPoint Presentation Rubric for Scoring: Possible Earned • Title Slide with names and group picture 3 pts. _____ • Metamorphic rock is formed when 3 pts. _____ • Types of metamorphic rock and definitions 4 pts. _____ • Examples: picture and name (2) 4 pts. _____ • Igneous rock is formed when 3 pts. _____ • Types of igneous rock and definitions 4 pts. _____ • Examples: picture and name (2) 4 pts. _____ • Sedimentary rock is formed when 3 pts. _____ • Types of sedimentary rock and definitions 6 pts. _____ • Examples: picture and name (3) 6 pts. _____ • The Rock Cycle explanation 6 pts. _____ • Rock Cycle Diagram 4 pts. _____ • Questions/Presentation 5 pts. _____ Total 55 pts. _____

32. Type your title here • Group Name: • Members:

33. Metamorphic Rock by: • Metamorphic rock is formed when • Types of metamorphic rock: • Examples:

34. Igneous Rock by: • Igneous rock is formed when • Types of igneous rock: • Examples:

35. Sedimentary Rock by: • Sedimentary rock is formed when • Types of sedimentary rock: • Examples:

36. The Rock Cycle by: • Explanation:

37. Questions by: • 1. • 2. • 3.

38. Monday January 12, 2009 • Get out your Roger rough draft. • Due Today with Roger changing three times. • Underline sentence where Roger changes. • Revisions: Re-read your paper (especially the changes) and revise using Post-its (at least 3) • Mr Anderson will grade your rough draft TODAY! • Final Paper AND rough draft are due Friday.