U nity and Coherence

1. Unity and Coherence Edi Brata, S.Pd. Mathla’ul Anwar University http://edibrata.wordpress.com

2. What is Unity? Unity means single idea. In other words, unity in writing is the connection all ideas to a single topic. In an essay all ideas should relate to the thesis statement, and the supporting ideas in a main body paragraph should relate to the topic sentence. For example, if your essay is about the advantages of nuclear power, discuss only that. Do not discuss about the disadvantages. http://edibrata.wordpress.com

3. Keeping Unity in an Essay One way to keep unity in an essay is to edit the outline for ideas that are not relevant to the thesis statement or topic sentence. Also, after you have written the essay, it is helpful to review the text and look for ideas that do not relate to the thesis statement or the topic sentence. http://edibrata.wordpress.com

4. What is Coherence? Coherence is related to unity. Ideas that are arranged in a clear and logical way are coherent. The purpose of coherence is to make the readers can easily understand the main points. http://edibrata.wordpress.com

5. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? When organising your ideas, think about what type of organisation is the best for your topic or essay type. Here are some examples of types of writing and good ways to organise them http://edibrata.wordpress.com

6. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? Cohesive Devices Cohesive devices are words and phrases that connect sentences and paragraphs together, creating a smooth flow of ideas. Here are three kinds of cohesive devices that can be used: • transition signals • pronoun references • repetion of key noun http://edibrata.wordpress.com

7. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? Cohesive Devices (Transition Signals) Transition signals can be categorized into three groups by grammatical function. The three groups are: • sentence connectors (including transition phrases and conjunctive adverbs) , • clause connectors (including coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions), and • mixed group called others. http://edibrata.wordpress.com

8. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? Cohesive Devices (Transition Signals) http://edibrata.wordpress.com

9. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? Cohesive Devices (Transition Signals) http://edibrata.wordpress.com

10. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? Cohesive Devices (Transition Signals) http://edibrata.wordpress.com

11. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? Cohesive Devices (Transition Signals) http://edibrata.wordpress.com

12. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? Cohesive Devices (Pronoun References) Two sentences can be connected by the use of pronoun. A pronoun (he, she, it, they, etc.) takes the place of a noun (a person, place, thing, or idea) or noun phrase (several words that refer to a person, place, thing, or idea). Example: Gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental puposes. The pronoun it refers back to the subject, Gold, and connects the two sentence together. http://edibrata.wordpress.com

13. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? Cohesive Devices (Repetition of Key Noun) Another way to connect ideas in an essay is by repeating important words and phrases. This will help the reader remember the main ideas in the text. Example: Modern medicine focuses on illness. If a patient with a cough visits a modern doctor, then the doctor will give the patient a medicine to stop the cough. If the patient also has a fever, the doctor may give a different medicine to stop the fever. For every person with a cough, the doctor will probably recommend the same cough medicine. The philosophy of modern medicine is to stop problems like coughing and fever as quickly as possible. http://edibrata.wordpress.com

14. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? Cohesive Devices (Repetition of Key Noun) Another way to connect ideas in an essay is by repeating important words and phrases. This will help the reader remember the main ideas in the text. Example: Modern medicine focuses on illness. If a patient with a cough visits a modern doctor, then the doctor will give the patient a medicine to stop the cough. If the patient also has a fever, the doctor may give a different medicine to stop the fever. For every person with a cough, the doctor will probably recommend the same cough medicine. The philosophy of modern medicine is to stop problems like coughing and fever as quickly as possible. http://edibrata.wordpress.com

15. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? Cohesive Devices (Repetition of Key Noun) Another way to connect ideas in an essay is by repeating important words and phrases. This will help the reader remember the main ideas in the text. Example: Modern medicine focuses on illness. If a patient with a cough visits a modern doctor, then the doctor will give the patient a medicine to stop the cough. If the patient also has a fever, the doctor may give a different medicine to stop the fever. For every person with a cough, the doctor will probably recommend the same coughmedicine. The philosophy of modern medicine is to stop problems like coughing and fever as quickly as possible. http://edibrata.wordpress.com

16. How to Make Our Essay Coherence? Exercise Zemach and Rumisek, 2005:83, 84, 85 http://edibrata.wordpress.com

17. References: • Oshima, Alice and Hogue, Ann. 1998. Writing Academic English. New York: Longman. (Page: 40-50) • Zemach, Dorothy E and Rumisek Lisa A. 2003. Academic Writing form Paragraph to Essay. Macmillan. (Page: 78-86) Many of the materials are directly quoted. http://edibrata.wordpress.com

18. Thank You! edibrata@ymail.com http://edibrata.wordpress.com