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ELED 132, Child Growth and Development

ELED 132, Child Growth and Development. Dr. Andrew Whitehead More information at: www.esu.edu/~andrew. Physical Development. What happens to our bodies as we get older?. Physical Development. Our bodies begin to grow rapidly from conception to about 18 years We get taller and larger

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ELED 132, Child Growth and Development

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  1. ELED 132, Child Growth and Development Dr. Andrew Whitehead More information at: www.esu.edu/~andrew

  2. Physical Development • What happens to our bodies as we get older?

  3. Physical Development • Our bodies begin to grow rapidly from conception to about 18 years • We get taller and larger • We loose the roundness in our face • Our muscles and bones develop • Our brains get larger and more complex

  4. Nature and Nurture in Physical Development • Genetic Foundations in Development • Environment and Its Interaction with Heredity • Implications of Genetic and Environmental Influences

  5. Physical Development • Video • How an Infant’s Mind Grows and Brain Develops • What does this video tell us about brain development in the early stages of life?

  6. The Brain and Its Development • Structure and Functions in the Brain • Neurons • Synapses • Developmental Changes in the Brain • myelinization

  7. The Brain and Its Development • Applications of Research on Brain Development • Give children many opportunities to learn spontaneously • Accommodate individual differences in neurological functioning • Provide extra guidance and support for children who have had early exposure to drugs • Encourage children and adolescents to think about the consequences of their actions • Be optimistic that everyday experiences and classroom instruction can have an impact throughout childhood and adolescence

  8. Physical Development Across Childhood and Adolescence • Infancy (Ages Birth-2) • Early Childhood (Ages 2-6) • Middle Childhood (Ages 6-10) • Early Adolescence (Ages 10-14) • Late Adolescence (Ages 14-18)

  9. OBSERVE DIVERSITY • Rapid growth & change in proportions • Reflexes • Decline in crying • Increased mobility • Small muscle coordination • Quality & emergence of gross & fine motor skills vary within each individual Trends in Physical Development- Infancy

  10. Trends in Physical Development – Early Childhood OBSERVE DIVERSITY • Loss of “baby” appearance • Boundless energy for learning gross and fine motor skill • Transition away from naps • Children differ in the ages of emergence of gross & fine motor skills • Boys are more physically active; girls are healthier • Environment plays a major role in development

  11. OBSERVE DIVERSITY • Steady gains in weight and height • Acquisition of primary teeth • Refinement of gross & fine motor skills • Participation in organized sports • Variation in height, weight at any age level • Athletic talents emerge • Gender differences appear • Environment plays a major role in development ) Trends in Physical Development – Middle Childhood

  12. OBSERVE DIVERSITY • Periods of rapid growth • Puberty begins • Risky behavior • Increased aggression in boys • Variations in strength and endurance • Peer groups may/may not encourage risky behavior Trends in Physical Development – Early Adolescence

  13. OBSERVE DIVERSITY • Girls complete growth spurt and reach adult height • Boys increase in stature • Increased sexual behavior • Greater risk- taking behavior • Gender differences in physical abilities increases • Boys seek out sexual behavior more than girls • Sexual orientations • Eating disorders appear Trends in Physical Development – Late Adolescence

  14. Physical Development • Video • Surviving the Teen Years • Group Activity • Break into eight groups • Pick a recorder • Pick a reporter • What issues of physical development do we see in the video? • We will reconvene and discuss after 10 minutes

  15. General Issues in Physical Well Being • Eating Habits • Obesity • Anorexia nervosa • Bulimia • Physical Activity • Rough and tumble play • Sports

  16. General Issues in Physical Well Being • Rest and Sleep • Infants, 16-18 hours • 2 year olds, 12 hours • 3-4 years, 11 hours • 5-10 years, 10 –11 hours • 10-13 years, 10 hours • 14-18 years, 8 ½ hours • Health-Compromising Behaviors • Smoking • Alcohol and Drugs • Sexual Activity

  17. Special Physical Needs • Chronic Illness • Serious Injuries • Physical Disabilities • Accommodating Students’ Special Physical Needs

  18. Physical Development • Websites • Food Guide from USDA • Human Genome Project

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