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Medieval Times

Explore the dynamic era of Medieval Europe from 476 to 1520 CE, witnessing the rise of independent kingdoms, the powerful influence of the Church, feudalism, the Magna Carta, the impacts of the Black Plague, and the transition to the Modern Era.

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Medieval Times

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  1. Medieval Times • Dark Ages: 476 – 1050 CE • Small independent kingdoms spring up in Italy, Gaul, Spain, Germany and Britain. • High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1300 CE • Europe faces challenges and changes to the established order of society.

  2. The Spread of Christianity • Missionary monks bring Christianity to pagans in northern and eastern Europe between 400 and 1100 CE • “Age of Faith” • Church becomes more powerful than kings or nobles • Own government, laws, courts, and tax system • Missionaries • St. Patrick – Ireland 432 • St. Augustine – England 597 • St. Boniface – Germany 601

  3. The Medieval Church • Church and State • Political influence • Priests in remote villages • Education in Latin • Charlemagne • Villagers • Tithes = Church Taxes • 1/10 of a person’s income • Church owns more land than any noble or monarch • Parish – Diocese • Archbishop – Cardinal – Pope

  4. Feudalism • Landlord and Serf • Obligations of military service and custom • Obligations of land and labour • Variations of social structure • Strict roles and limited social mobility

  5. Rotating Agriculture Lord’s Manor House Village Mill and Barns Church and Parsonage • Land Allocation • Lord’s • Priest’s • Peasant’s

  6. Medieval Manor Life • Administered by a single lord or knight • Feudal life revolved around the manor • Typically about 400ha • Self-sufficient, rural • Blacksmith, Miller • Bailiff or Steward employed to advise Lord and supervise serfs • Manor Court • Harsh life for farmers • one or two room home • Mud and thatched straw roof • Sunday and holy days observed

  7. The Magna Carta • “Great Charter” – 1215 C.E. • Listed rights of nobles and the king’s responsibilities and privileges in governing • Could not set new taxes without consulting Great Council (made up of Lords and clergy) • King had to obey laws like subjects did • Rights of common people and church recognized • Rights granted to nobles were extended to all citizens over time King John 1199-1216

  8. Medieval Education • Learning of Classical Greece and Rome lost in the Dark Ages • No schools (few within the church) • Most people illiterate • Charlemagne’s impact • Universities – 12th C. • Guilds for trades

  9. The Late Middle AgesA.D. 1300 - 1520 A period of decline... • Decline of Monarchy • Rise of Nobles • Decline of the Papacy & Christendom of Western Europe • due to Crusades & Schisms • Decline of Feudalism • Due to Plague & Rise of Peasant/Merchant Class

  10. Decline of the Monarchy • Nobility dissatisfied with centralization of power forced King John to sign the Magna Carta 1215 • Limited the monarchs power, needed popular support from nobility to rule • The idea of representation came at the end of the High Middle Ages as kingdoms grew

  11. The Plague - Effects • By A.D. 1400 the Plague had reduced the population of Europe by 1/3 • Cities were abandoned • No one left to trade goods • No one left to till the land • Result: Economic depression • It took 150 years to recover economically

  12. The Decline of the Church • As the middle ages drew to a close the Church declined in power & influence • The Church and State came into conflict again as monarchies became too powerful • Public discontent with Pope and churchmen who placed wealth and power above spiritual matters

  13. The Decline of Feudalism • 14th Century = Capitalism, the Black Plague and the 100 Years War all created a rich middle class & increased the use of money • The use of money forever changed the class structure • By the 15th Century Feudalism had largely passed

  14. Rise of the Modern Era • Relationship changed from loyalty & service linked by the land to relationships based on money • Middle Class questioned the class structure of feudalism = nobility & monarch’s power declined • Serfdom was ending as peasants were buying their freedom with money • Rise of money & middle class meant we were leaving feudalism & entering the modern age RENAISSANCE

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