World War 1

1. World War 1 • U.S. History Standards: • US. 26, US. 27, US. 28, US. 29, and US. 30

2. Causes of the War… • Militarism (Arms Race) • Alliances (We go to War you go to War) • Imperialism (Competing for Land) • Nationalism (Attached to nation) • Economic Rivalries

3. Straw that broke the camel’s back Assignation of Francis Ferdinand World War 1 began on July 28th, 1914

5. Why were we Neutral? • Distant European Conflict • Traditional American Isolationism • Business boomed providing supplies for warring nations

6. Preparedness • Wilson wanted peace but knew America needed to be prepared for war. • National Defense Act (1916) • Expanded the size of the Army • Naval Construction Act (1916) • Ordered the building of more American Naval Warships

7. Why we Entered… • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • Lusitania- 128 Americans died • Sussex- German’s break promise again… • Zimmerman Note • Mexico invades U.S. if U.S. goes to war with Germany • Democracy for other countries (Ireland) • Cultural ties with with France and Great Britain

8. Artillery • Long Range Weapon that fires from behind the front lines.

9. Trench Warfare

10. Trench Warfare • Artillery hurled huge explosive shells onto the battlefield. • Soldiers dug trenches to protect themselves • Trench Foot (caused by continually wet feet)

11. New Technologies…

13. Americans at War • John J. Pershing • American military leader, lead American forces on the western front. (France) • American Expeditionary Force • American Armed Forces that fought in WW1

14. Continued Doughboys Nicknamed given to American Soldiers in WW1 230,000 Americans fought in WW1 Alvin York From Tennessee, received the Congressional Medal of Honor for his heroics during the Battle of Argonne

15. What did all this mean… • 13 million soldiers died in World War 1 • 5 million Allied • 8 million Central Powers • Defensive weapons were better than offensive weapons which resulted in careless waste of soldiers lives.

16. Wilson’s 14 Points “Peace without Victory” Wilson Peace after the war that did not seek to blame the defeated countries for the war

17. League of Nations • International organization to promote world peace • Prevent another World War • Settling disputes through diplomacy not war • The United States did not join the League of Nations • Made the League of Nations ineffective League of Nations Map

18. Treaty of Versailles • Britain and France wanted to punish the Germans for “starting” WW1 • Germany had to pay 33 Billion in war reparations • United States never officially signed the treaty and therefore made separate treaties.

21. US.30 Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front, including the role played by women and minorities, voluntary rationing, the Creel Committee, opposition by conscientious objectors, and the case of Schenck v. United States. (C, E, H, P) At Home • Women take up the jobs that the men left behind when they went to war. • Wilson then backs women’s suffrage movement and states “granting women the right to vote is vital to winning the war” • African Americans took part in the Great Migration • 1.2 million African Americans move north • Take up jobs in factories • Mexicans also move north to fill vacated agricultural jobs.

23. War Industries Board • Coordinated the production of war materials • Told manufactures what they could produce • Allocated raw materials to certain factories • Set prices • Built new factories

24. Fuel Administration • Manage use of coal and oil • Conserve Energy • Daylight Savings Time introduced • Heatless Mondays

25. Taxes and War Bonds • Government raised the income tax • New taxes on big business profits • Extra taxes on the profits of arms factories • Liberty Bonds • Victory Bonds • You lend the government money and are repaid with interest after a set number of years.

27. US.28 Identify and explain the impact of the following events and people during World War I: (G, H, P, TN) • Major turning points • Impact of trench warfare • Use of new weapons and technologies • Herbert Hoover • John J. Pershing and the American Expeditionary Force • Doughboys • Alvin C. York Everyone does their part… • Food Administration • Run By Herbert Hoover • Ration or conserve food as a patriotic gesture • Victory Gardens

29. Committee on Public Information (Creel Committee) • Headed by George Creel • Government Run Marketing Firm to Sell the War to the American People • Create enthusiasm for America’s involvement in the war

31. Legislation and the War • Selective Service Act (1917) • Draft calling young men into military service • Conscientious Objectors (People with moral or religious beliefs that forbid them fighting) • Espionage Act (1917) • Made it illegal to aid the enemy, interfere with the war effort • Sedition Act (1918) addition to the Espionage Act • It forbade the use of "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, its flag, or its armed forces • Illegal to speak out publically against the war

32. Schenk v. United States • Men who distributed pamphlets to draftees urging them to resist the draft were in violation of the Sedition Act. • You can say things in times of peace that you cannot say in times of war. • Unanimous Supreme Court Decision

33. After Effects of War… • Inflation • Price of Agricultural products fell after the war • People rushed to buy consumer goods and the supply was low • Labor Strikes across the country • The Red Scare • Widespread fear of Communism as a result of the Russian Revolution and emergence of the Soviet Union • United States became the leading economic power of the world.