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Mortar

Mortar. Ancient Masonry. History of Mortar. Mud parging in Egypt – 4000 B.C. Alabaster with bitumen – 3000 B.C. Sand and gypsum mortar – 2500 B.C. Sand lime mortar – 500 B.C. 1:3 lime:sand ratio established – 10 B.C. Early American Masonry. History of Mortar.

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Mortar

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  1. Mortar

  2. Ancient Masonry

  3. History of Mortar Mud parging in Egypt – 4000 B.C. Alabaster with bitumen – 3000 B.C. Sand and gypsum mortar – 2500 B.C. Sand lime mortar – 500 B.C. 1:3 lime:sand ratio established – 10 B.C.

  4. Early American Masonry

  5. History of Mortar Sand lime mortar used in U.S. – 1700s Portland cement invented – 1824

  6. Modern Masonry

  7. History of Mortar Portland cement lime mortar – Early 1900s Masonry cement mortar – 1930s Mortar cement mortar – 1990s

  8. Mortar • Products ASTM C 270 Scope Referenced Documents Specification Limitations Materials Requirements Test Methods Construction Practices Quality Assurance Function Properties Selection Tuckpointing Application

  9. ASTM’s Related to Mortar Standard Specifications C91 Standard Specification for Masonry Cement C144 Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar C270 Standard Specification for Mortar Unit Masonry C887 Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Surface Bonding Mortar C1142 Standard Specification for Extended Life Mortar for Unit Masonry C1329 Standard Specification for Mortar Cement C1384 Standard Specification for Modifiers for Masonry Mortars

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  17. Mortar Products ASTM C 270 • Scope Referenced Documents Specification Limitations Materials Requirements Test Methods Construction Practices Quality Assurance Function Properties Selection Tuckpointing Application

  18. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers mortars for use in the construction of non-reinforced and reinforced unit masonry structures. Four types of mortar are covered in each of two alternative specifications: (1) proportion specifications and (2) property specifications.

  19. A1 A2 B C D A O W R K Mortar Types M S N O

  20. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 1.3 When neither proportion or property specifications are specified, the proportion specifications shall govern, unless data are presented to and accepted by the specifier to show that mortar meets the requirements of the property specifications.

  21. Mortar Products ASTM C 270 Scope • Referenced Documents Specification Limitations Materials Requirements Test Methods Construction Practices Quality Assurance Function Properties Selection Tuckpointing Application

  22. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards C5 Specification for Quicklime for Structural Purposes C91 Specification for Masonry Cement C109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or Cube Specimens) C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone C128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregates C144 Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar

  23. not in binder C144 – 02 Standard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 4.4 When an aggregate fails the gradation limits specified in 4.1 and 4.2, it may be used provided the mortar can be prepared to comply with the aggregate ratio, water retention, and compressive strength requirements of the property specifications of Specification C 270.

  24. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 C150 Specification for Portland Cement C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement C207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency C511 Specification for Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements C780 Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry

  25. not in binder C780 – 02Standard Test Method forPreconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry1 1.4 The test results obtained under this test method are not required to meet the minimum compressive values in accordance with the property specifications in Specification C 270.

  26. not in binder C780 – 02Standard Test Method forPreconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry1

  27. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 C952 Test Method for Bond Strength of Mortar to Masonry Units C1072 Test Method for Measurement of Masonry Flexural Bond Strength C979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement C1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry C1324 Test Method for Examination and Analysis of Hardened Mortar C1329 Specification for Mortar Cement C1357 Test Methods for Evaluating Masonry Bond Strength

  28. not in binder C1072 – 00aStandard Test Method forMeasurement of Masonry Flexural Bond Strength1

  29. not in binder C1148 – 92a (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Drying Shrinkage of Masonry Mortar1 not referenced

  30. not in binder C1180 – 02Standard Terminology forMortar and Grout for Unit Masonry1 mortar, n—a mixture consisting of cementitious materials, fine aggregate, water, and with or without admixtures, that is used to construct unit masonry assemblies.

  31. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 2.2 Masonry Industry Council: Hot and Cold Weather Masonry Construction Manual, January 1999

  32. Mortar Products ASTM C 270 Scope Referenced Documents • Specification Limitations Materials Requirements Test Methods Construction Practices Quality Assurance Function Properties Selection Tuckpointing Application

  33. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 3. Specification Limitations 3.1 Specification C 270 is not a specification to determine mortar strengths through field testing.

  34. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 3.3 The compressive strength values resulting from field tested mortars do not represent the compressive strength of mortar as tested in the laboratory nor that of the mortar in the wall. Physical properties of field sampled mortar shall not be used to determine compliance to this specification and are not intended as criteria to determine the acceptance or rejection of the mortar.

  35. Mortar Products ASTM C 270 Scope Referenced Documents Specification Limitations • Materials Requirements Test Methods Construction Practices Quality Assurance Function Properties Selection Tuckpointing Application

  36. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 4. Materials 4.1 Material used as ingredients in the mortar shall conform to the requirements specified in 4.1.1 to 4.1.4

  37. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 4.1.1 Cementitious Materials Portland Cement C150 Blended Hydraulic Cements C595 Hydraulic Cements C1157 Slag Cement C595 Masonry Cement C91 Mortar Cement C1329 Quicklime C5 Hydrated Lime C207 contributes to strength

  38. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 4.1.2 Aggregates C144 inert filler, provides economy, workability, reduces shrinkage, influences compressive strength

  39. November 1994 How sand affects mortar Well-graded sand features a well-distributed mix of particles of varying sizes, which minimizes voids (see illustration). Sand that is too fine has more surface area to coat. Coarser sand particles result in larger voids to fill. As a result, mortar made with sand that is too fine or too coarse contains more water per unit volume, which decreases the mortar’s strength. Excessively coarse or fine sand also makes mortar less workable.

  40. not in binder C144 – 03Standard Specification forAggregate for Masonry Mortar1 4.4 When an aggregate fails the gradation limits specified in 4.1 and 4.2, it may be used provided the mortar can be prepared to comply with the aggregate ratio, water retention, and compressive strength requirements of the property specifications of Specification C 270.

  41. November 1994 How sand affects mortar Masonry specialist John Melander of the Portland Cement Association (PCA) says that in many regions, most sands do not meet ASTM C144 gradation limits and must be qualified under this procedure. not in binder

  42. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 4.1.3 Water potable contributes to workability, hydrates cement, facilitates carbonation of lime aids in suction for bond

  43. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 4.1.4 Admixtures – Admixtures such as coloring pigments, air-entraining agents, accelerators, retarders, water-repellent agents, antifreeze compounds , and other admixtures shall not be added to mortar unless specified. Coloring pigments shall conform to Specification C979. Calcium chloride, when explicitly provided for in the contract documents, is permitted to be used as an accelerator in amounts not exceeding 2% by weight of the portland cement content or 1% by weight of the masonry cement content, or both, of the mortar.

  44. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 Note 1– If calcium chloride is allowed, it should be used with caution as it may have a detrimental effect on metals and on some wall finishes.

  45. must Pigments C979 be specified C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 4.1.4 Admixtures Modifiers C1384 coloring pigments, air-entrainers, accelerators, retarders, water repellents, and others

  46. Mortar Products ASTM C 270 Scope Referenced Documents Specification Limitations Materials • Requirements Test Methods Construction Practices Quality Assurance Function Properties Selection Tuckpointing Application

  47. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1 5. Requirements 5.1 Unless otherwise stated, a cement/lime mortar, a mortar cement mortar, or a masonry cement mortar is permitted.

  48. Portland Cement Lime - Portland cement - Hydrated lime - Sand - Water Mortar Cement Mortar - Mortar cement - Sand - Water Masonry Cement Mortar - Masonry cement - Sand - Water Requirements

  49. Material Requirements Measuring and Mixing • Property Specification • Laboratory Tests of Mortar Required to Meet Table 2 • Control Field Proportions to Laboratory Established Mix Design • Proportion Specification • Proportion in Accordance with Table 1 • No Mortar Tests Required ASTM C 270

  50. C270 – 03bStandard Specification forMortar for Unit Masonry1

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