Chapter 10

1. Chapter 10 Managing Data and Using Graphics

2. Learning Objectives • 1. Communicate quantitative information effectively. • 2. Apply principles of effectiveness and ethical responsibilities in the construction of graphic aids. • 3. Select and design appropriate and meaningful graphics. • 4. Integrate graphics within documents.

3. Learning Objective 1 • Communicate quantitative information effectively.

4. Communicating Quantitative Information Classify, summarize, and condense data into manageable size Make information meaningful to your audience — why should the receiver care? Use common language or common denominators to reduce difficult figures

5. Learning Objective 2 • Apply principles of effectiveness and ethical responsibilities in the construction of graphic aids.

6. Using Graphics Effectively and Ethically Contribute to overall meaning Reinforce and supplement written or spoken words Communicate ideas that cannot be conveyed effectively in written form Have a simple, effective design that is easy to understand Depict information honestly A graphic should . . .

7. Learning Objective 3 • Select and design appropriate and meaningful graphics.

8. Types of Graphic Aids

9. Preparing Effective Tables Number tables ____________ Use ________ titles to clarify what is included Label columns _____ Indent second line of ____ _____ Place __________ beside entry that needs explanatory note Document the ______ of data with a source note consecutively complete clearly labels row superscript source

10. Effective Table Layout

11. Types of Bar Charts Grouped bar chart Segmented bar chart Pictogram

12. Preparing Effective Bar Charts Begin quantitative axis at ____, divide the bars ______, and make them the same _____ Position data _____________ Use _____ _________ to distinguish among bars of different data Avoid ___ formatting Include complete information for ___ and ____ labels zero equally width chronologically variations color 3D bar scale

13. Ineffective Bar Chart

14. Effective Grouped Bar Chart

15. Preparing Effective Line Charts Use vertical axis for amount and horizontal axis for time Begin vertical axis at zero Divide axes into equal increments

16. Effective Multiple Line Chart

17. Preparing Effective Pie Charts Position largest or most important slice in ________ position Label each slice and include information about __________ size Draw ________ to one or more slices for desired emphasis Avoid ___ formatting 12o’clock quantitative attention 3D

18. Ineffective Pie Chart Percentage of City Tax Dollars Spent

19. Effective Pie Chart

20. Learning Objective 4 • Integrate graphics within documents.

21. Using Graphics in Text Introduce graphic, show it, then interpret and analyze When possible, position graphic immediately following text introducing it Avoid only restating what graphic shows; instead, interpret based on audience interest

22. Discussing Graphics in Text: What To Do and What Not To Do Figure 1 shows preferences for shopping locations. POOR because reader gains nothing more than figure title. About two thirds of the consumers preferred to shop in suburban areas rather than in the city. (See Figure 1.) ACCEPTABLE because it interprets data but puts figure reference in parentheses rather than integrating into sentence. Continued

23. Discussing Graphics in Text: What To Do and What Not To Do As shown in Figure 1, about two thirds of the consumers preferred to shop in suburban areas rather than in the city. IMPROVED but puts reference to figure at beginning, detracting from data interpretation. About two thirds of the consumers preferred to shop in suburban areas rather than in the city, as shown in Figure 1. BEST for introducing figures because it talks about the graphic and also includes introductory phrasing, but only after stressing main point.