SESSION 9 THE INTERNET AND THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE

1. SESSION 9 THE INTERNET AND THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE

2. The New Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure for the Digital Firm Enterprise Networking and Internetworking Enterprise Networking • Creates a company-wide network linking many smaller networks Internetworking • Links separate networks into an interconnected network

3. Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration Connectivity • Measures how well computers and computer-based devices communicate and share info with one another Open System • information systems that use common standards for hardware, software, applications and networking • Operate on different hardware platforms

4. Protocol Soup xDSL SNMP CSMA/CD DNS OSI RIP IPv6 WINS

5. Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration Models of Connectivity for Networks • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) • Open Systems Interconnect (OSI)

6. Figure 9-2 Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration (TCP/IP) Reference Model

7. PC-1 PC-2 Application protocol HTTP HTTP HTTP HTTP HTTP HTTP HTTP HTTP Request Request Request Request Request Request Request Request Transport protocol TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP IP protocol IP IP IP IP Data Link protocol Ethernet Ethernet Physical medium: e.g., Ethernet cable PC to PC Communication using TCP/IP Application TCP IP Data Link Physical layer

8. Internet Technology and Services Internet • Follows a hierarchical structure • Internet backbone: collection of main network connections • Network access points (NAP): the point where several connection converge • Internet Service Providers (ISP) connect with one another through NAP • Commercial organization with a permanent connection to Internet • Sells temporary connections to subscribers

9. Figure 9-3 Internet Technology and Services Client/Server Computing on the Internet

10. Internet Technology and Services Internet Addressing • Domain name:a name that identifies a unique host or web sites on the internet • IP address: a unique four part numeric address for each computer connected to the internet • Domain name system: translation of the domain names into IP addresses • URL (Uniform Resource Locator): address that uniquely identifies files, web pages, images or other type of documents that resides on the Internet

11. Figure 9-4 Internet Technology and Services Analysis of an Internet Address

12. Internet Technology and Services Electronic Mail (E-Mail) • Connects people worldwide • Creates productivity gain Telnet • Network tool • Allows users to log on to one computer system while working on another File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • Tool for retrieving and transferring files from a remote computer

13. The World Wide Web • Based on a standard hypertext language called hypertext markup language (HTML) • Combines text, hypermedia, graphics, and sound • Handles all types of digital communication • Uses graphical user interfaces for easy viewing • To access a web site, the user must specify uniform resource locator (URL) • Hypertext protocol (http): communications standard used to transfer pages on the Web

14. Searching for Information on the Web Search Engine • Locates specific sites or information on Internet • We page owners register their URLs with search engines or spiders traverse the Web and identify web pages to index Shopping Bot • Software with varying levels of built-in intelligence • Helps electronic commerce shoppers locate and evaluate products or services

15. Searching for Information on the Web “Push” technology • A computer broadcasts information of interest directly to the user, rather than having the user “pull” content from Web sites

16. Intranets and Extranets Firewall • Hardware or software placed between an organization’s internal network and external network • Prevents outsiders from invading private networks Extranets • Private intranets extended to authorized users outside company

17. Figure 9-5 Model of an Extranet

18. Organizational Benefits of Internet and Web Technology • Connectivity and global reach • Reduced communication costs • Internet telephony • Virtual private network (VPN) • Lower transaction costs • Reduced agency costs • Interactivity, flexibility, and customization • Accelerated distribution of knowledge

19. Support Technology for Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business Web Servers and Electronic Commerce Servers • Locate and manage web pages requested by the client • Include tools for authenticating the users • Support for file transfer protocol (FTP) • Capture Web site visitor information in log files • Hit • Entry into Web server’s log file • Generated by each request to the server for a file

20. Support Technology for Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business Customer Tracking and Personalization Tools • Collecting and storing data • Combining data with already stored data • Analyzing the data • Identifying customer preferences and trends • Clickstream tracking tools and collaborative filtering software

21. Support Technology for Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business Web Content Management Tool • Software to facilitate collection, assembly, and management of content on Web site, intranet, or extranet • Monitors time taken for downloading Web pages • Identifies broken links between Web pages, Web site problems, and bottlenecks Web Site Performance Monitoring Tool

22. Support Technology for Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business Web Hosting Services • Company with large Web server computers maintains Web sites of fee-paying subscribers • The subscriber or the hosting company create the web pages • Col-location: firm actually purchases and owns the server computer housing its web site, but located the server at hosting company

23. Management Issues and Decisions The Challenge of Managing the New Information Technology Infrastructure • Loss of management control • Connectivity and application integration challenges • Organizational change requirements • Hidden costs of enterprise computing • Scalability, reliability, and security

24. Management Issues and Decisions Some Solutions • Change management • Education and training • Data administration disciplines • Planning for connectivity and application integration