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Animals

Animals. Heterotrophic Multi-cellular Move at some point No cell walls Mostly reproduce sexually Rapidly respond to external stimuli. An Evolutionary Tree of Some Major Animal Phyla. Fig. 23-1. Most animals have tissues.

francesca-hoffman
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Animals

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  1. Animals • Heterotrophic • Multi-cellular • Move at some point • No cell walls • Mostly reproduce sexually • Rapidly respond to external stimuli

  2. An Evolutionary Tree of Some Major Animal Phyla Fig. 23-1

  3. Most animals have tissues • Tissues are groups of similar cells that carry out a specific function (e.g., muscle) • Sponges are the only modern-day animals that lack tissues

  4. Symmetry • Animals with tissues exhibit either radial or bilateral symmetry Bilateral symmetry Radial symmetry Asymmetry http://www.misterteacher.com/orange%20and%20black%20butterfly.jpg http://www.hope.edu/academic/art/past/VanderBurgh/mapleave.rose2.jpg http://daphne.palomar.edu/design/asymm/jd01asym.jpg

  5. Symmetry • Radial symmetrical animals have two embryonic tissue (germ) layers • Ectoderm, which is an outer layer that covers the body, lines its inner cavities, and forms the nervous system • Endoderm, which is an inner layer that lines most hollow organs • Bilaterally symmetrical animals have three embryonic tissue (germ) layers • A layer of mesoderm between the ectoderm and endoderm forms muscles, and the circulatory and skeletal systems

  6. Bilateral Symmetry • Bilaterally symmetrical animals have heads • Exhibit cephalization, the concentration of sensory organs and a brain in a well-defined head, with definite anterior (head) and posterior (which may feature a tail) regions

  7. Body Symmetry and Cephalization central axis anterior plane of symmetry plane of symmetry posterior (a) Radial symmetry (b) Bilateral symmetry Fig. 23-2

  8. Bilateral Symmetry • Most bilateral animals have body cavities • Fluid-filled cavities between the digestive tube and the outer body wall • Many functions • Can act as a skeleton, providing support for the body and a framework against which muscles can act • Can form a protective buffer between the internal organs and the outside world • Can allow organs to move independently of the body wall

  9. Major Animal Phyla • Animals probably originated from ancestral colonial protists • Present day biologists recognize about 27 phyla of animals • Most animals are invertebrates • Less than 3% of all known animals are vertebrates

  10. Animals • Can be invertebrates or vertebrates • What’s the difference? Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates * No vertebral column * Vertebral column * Often have exoskeletons * Endoskeletons

  11. Invertebrates http://www.sunrise-divers.com/photos/day_trip/photos/nudibranch.jpg

  12. PHYLUM PORIFERATHE SPONGES http://www.richard-seaman.com/Underwater/Belize/StillLifes/TubeSpongesThreeOrange.jpg

  13. Cnidaria http://www.biology4kids.com/misc/photos/cnidaria1.jpg

  14. Cnidaria– Polyp body form http://www.sydneyaquarium.com.au/Downloads/INT/Wallpaper_1024x768_WaratahAnemone.jpg

  15. Platyhelminthes - flatworms Planaria http://www.luc.edu/faculty/jreymon/biolab/planaria.jpg

  16. Marine Flatworms http://members.aol.com/uwphotohi/Images/flatworm.JPG http://www.crazyscuba.com/misc_images/RIMG0121FlatwormCrop.jpg

  17. Nematoda - roundworms http://collections.ic.gc.ca/potato/scitech/nematodes.jpg

  18. Nematoda:Heartworm http://www.greatlakesbcrescue.org/HealthNTraining/heartworms.JPG http://www.dukkha.org/images/heartworm.jpg

  19. Mollusca http://www.wallpaperbase.com/wallpapers/animals/snail/snail_1.jpg http://students.umf.maine.edu/~hustontf/squid.jpg

  20. Annelida – segmented worms http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200704/r138958_475480.jpg http://www.york.ac.uk/org/ciec/CaringfortheEnvironment.29.4.03/Exxon/Food%20Chain%20images/ExxonPicsLarge/Earthworms.jpg

  21. Bristle Worm http://i30.photobucket.com/albums/c317/greenbaja73/Bristle_worm.jpg

  22. Arthropoda http://xyala.cap.ed.ac.uk/NeglectedGenomes/ARTHROPODA/images/AMC.jpg http://flatrock.org.nz/topics/animals/assets/black_widow_spider.jpg

  23. http://dereila.ca/dereilaimages/sowbugs.jpg

  24. Arthropoda - CLASS DIPLOPODA GIANT MILLIPEDE http://umdgrb.umd.edu/pretz/images/millipede8.jpg

  25. Echinodermata http://brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2006-07/06-052b.jpg

  26. Echinodermata http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/shores/piaster_ochraceus_4740_A80_800.jpg

  27. http://www.tankedup-imaging.com/images/prickly_red_sea_cucumber.jpghttp://www.tankedup-imaging.com/images/prickly_red_sea_cucumber.jpg http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/animals/images/primary/sea-cucumber-ga.jpg Sea Cucumbers http://www.bubblevision.com/albums/burma-banks/images/sea-cucumber.jpg

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