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Understanding Arthropods: Insects, Crustaceans, and Arachnids

Explore the anatomy and characteristics of insects, crustaceans, and arachnids, including mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Learn about their life stages, habitats, and control measures for diseases like malaria and filariasis.

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Understanding Arthropods: Insects, Crustaceans, and Arachnids

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  1. Phylum arthropoda • Insecta: head, thorax, abdomen, 3 pairs of legs, 1 pair- antennae • mosquitoes, house fly, louse, flea • Crustacean: cephalothorax, 5 pairs- legs, 2 pairs- antennae, mostly aquatic. Cyclops • Arachnida: 4 pairs legs, head, cephalothorax, thorax, abdomen • Ticks, mites

  2. Mosquito • Anopheles: A. culcifacies, A.stephensi- malaria • Culex: C.fatigans-filaria, JE • Aedes: A.aegypti- dengue, yellow fever • Mansonia- rural filaria

  3. Anopheles egg • Laid separately • Boat shaped • Lateral floats present • Clean water

  4. A. larva • Floats horizontal/ parallel to surface of water • Palmate hairs present on abdominal segment • Respiratory apparatus- in the form of 2 apertures in a level with body surface

  5. A.pupa • Short, broad respiratory tube on cephalothorax • Body: deep coma shaped

  6. A. Adult male • Palpi= proboscis • Tip: club shaped • A pair of antennae • Spotted wings

  7. A. Adult female • Resting position makes an angle with surface • Palpi= proboscis • Tip not club shaped • Antennae- small hairs

  8. Culex egg • Egg rafts – 200 clusters • No lateral floats • Single cigar shaped, • Polluted/ clean water

  9. C. larva • Rests obliquely/ inclined to water surface • Palmate hairs absent • Respiratory apparatus- in the form of prominent protruding tube- Respiratory siphon

  10. C.pupa • Long, tubular slender respiratory ( siphon) tube on cephalothorax • Ordinary comma shaped

  11. C. Adult male • Palpi> probscis • Feathery antennae • Abdomen, head, thorax makes an angle with proboscis parallel to surface

  12. C. Adult female • Palpi< proboscis • Less hairy antennae

  13. Anopheles • PHI: malaria • Control measures: Antilarval and antiadult measures • Adult spraying with DDT, pyrethrum • Mosquito nets • Mosquito repellants

  14. Culex • PHI: urban filariasis • Control: Anti adult : pyrethrum extract • Mosquito nets, repellants • Drainage- larval control.

  15. Sandfly • Egg: • Damp, dark places • Large, torpedo shaped • Larva: • head, neck, 12 body segments- elongated • Conspicuous head, chitinised • Hair- seen at head • Hairy body segments

  16. Pupa • Cephalothorax present • Upward curved abdomen • Last moulted skin attached to tip of abdomen

  17. Adults • Smaller than mosquitoes • Wings: upright • Legs longer body • Hairy insect

  18. PHI: kalaazar • Control: • Cracks and crevices: plastered • Sulphur fumigation/ formalin, DDT • Repellants: dimethylphlate • Sandfly nets

  19. Rat flea • Egg, larva, cocoon, pupa, adult • Head, thorax, abdomen • Head: conical shaped • Thorax: 3 pairs legs attached • Abdomen: 10 segments • Males: coiled structure- penis • Female: short structure- spermatheca

  20. PHI: plague • Control: • Insecticidal: DDT, HCH • Repellants: diethyltoluamide • Rodent control

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