Rome: Chapter 7, lesson 1 The Land of Italy

1. Rome: Chapter 7, lesson 1 The Land of Italy

2. MAP OF ITALY

3. The Alps – Geography and Weather The Alps: Geography and Weather. Discovery Channel School (2006). Retrieved April 6, 2009, from Discovery Education: http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/

4. Characteristics of Landscape of Italy • peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea • “sassy boot” • Sicily = rich farmland • Alps separate Italy from rest of Europe • Apennine Mountains = backbone of Italy • Latium Plain = location of Rome and rich farmland • Tiber River = water source, transportation, trade • seven hills provided natural protection • volcanoes can provide silt

5. Mount Vesuvius Volcano

6. Chapter 7 lesson 1Vocabulary • Sicily • Alps • Latium Plain • Tiber River • Volcanoes

7. Rome: Chapter 7, Lesson 2

8. Rome: Legend of Romulus & Remus Rome's Mythical Origins. Discovery Channel School (2005). Retrieved April 7, 2009, from Discovery Education: http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/

9. Legend of Romulus & Remus • twin sons of a princess of Latium city • jealous uncle wanted throne • sent twins down river in a basket; presumed dead • raised by a female wolf • had “wolf-like” traits • leaders of a group of bandits • pack mentality – You mess with one, you mess with them all! • fought to the death for control of the throne • Romulus won; hence the name Rome

10. EARLY ROME • Roman society was divided into 2 social groups • plebeians = farmers, tradespeople & craftworkers (common people) • patricians = members of noble families, owned large farms, hired plebeians to work for them

11. Rulers in Rome • Romulus was the first of 7 kings of Rome • What type of government was Rome at this time? • kings were elected by the rich and powerful people • kings remained in power until they died • used the same process to select a king got the same results

12. Cycle of selecting a King

13. Question #1 Which of the following describes plebeians in ancient Rome? A. They were members of noble families. B. They were military leaders. C. They were farmers, tradespeople, and craftworkers. D. They were Christian leaders.

14. Question #2 Which of the following describes patricians in ancient Rome? A. They were members of noble families. B. They were military leaders. C. They were farmers, tradespeople, and craftworkers. D. They were Christian leaders.

15. ROMAN REPUBLIC • after 7th king with same result, patricians wanted to govern collectively • patricians controlled Rome; made the important decisions • plebeians rebelled and forced a change in government • created a form of government called a republic • republic means “public thing” in Latin, citizens choose their leaders

16. REPUBLIC TYPE OF GOVERNMENT • set up the Roman Republic to govern collectively • three branches – beginning of check and balance system • citizens elected representatives • value of a vote was determined by rank within society, high rank in society = more powerful vote • Women could not vote. • US government is a republic

17. Question #3 Which of the following is NOT true about the government of ancient Rome? A. Citizens elected representatives. B. There were three branches. C. All votes counted equally. D. It was a republic.

18. Branches of Republic Government

19. Question #4 Which of the following is NOT true about the Senate in the Roman republic? A. It is the most powerful branch. B. It was made up of plebeians. C. They controlled government money. D. They dealt with other governments.

20. Branches of Republic Government

21. Question #5 Which of the following is NOT true about the Citizen Assembly in the Roman republic? A. It was made up of patricians. B. They had less power than the Senate. C. It was created to protect the rights of the people. D. They elected tribunes as representatives.

22. Branches of Republic Government

23. Question #6 Which of the following is NOT true about the role of consul in the Roman republic? A. They were elected to serve a 3 year term. B. At least one had to be a plebeian. C. They served as army commander and judge. D. They could create new laws and veto other consuls.

24. TWELVE TABLES • plebeians demanded to know the laws • patricians agreed to write out laws • written on bronze tablets • posted in the Forum (market, town square and courthouse) • laws’ topics included marriage, trade and war

25. The Twelve Tables Video

26. Question #8 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Twelve Tables? A. They were posted in the public Forum. B. They were demanded by the patricians. C. They created more fairness among the people. D. They included rules about marriage, trade and war.

27. Rome vs. Carthage

28. THE WARS WITH CARTHAGE • 1st Punic War = battle between Rome and Carthage to gain control of Sicily • Hannibal, of Carthage, swore to defeat the Romans (Second Punic War) • Hannibal did very well but ran out of supplies (Rome won) • became most powerful nation in Mediterranean region • Rome also conquered Greece, increased cultural diffusion

29. PROBLEMS IN ITALY • patricians grew rich, plebeians grew poorer • government was designed to rule city, not empire • conquered territories revolted and demanded say in government • struggle for power caused civil war between plebeians and patricians • EVERYBODY WAS FIGHTING

30. Chapter 7 Lesson 2 Vocabulary • plebeians • patricians • republic • representatives • Senate • tribunes • consuls • Twelve Tables • citizen assembly

31. Chapter 7, Lesson 3

32. JULIUS CAESAR Assassination of Julius Caesar Leads to the Roman Empire. Discovery Channel School (2004). Retrieved April 21, 2009, from Discovery Education: http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/

33. JULIUS CAESAR • born a patrician • served in many government offices and the Army • became a consul • represented plebeians, became very popular, threw lots of parties • patricians saw him as a MAJOR threat • Senate sent him to the Wars of Gaul hoping he would be killed • ordered to return without his Army: Caesar refused

34. CAESAR VS. PATRICIANS Caesar became a very successful military leader Senate sent Caesar to the Wars of Gaul hoping he would be killed Senate ordered Caesar to return without his army Caesar refused

35. CAESAR CONTROLS ROME • Caesar and his troops “crossed the Rubicon” returning to Rome – phrase refers to an irreversible decision • ran out of money to fight wars • traveled to Alexandria, Egypt to help Cleopatra conquer her brother and take control • gave him enough money to continue war • defeated Rome’s generals and declared himself “dictator for life” • What does that sound like?

36. CHANGES UNDER CAESAR • gave land to his soldiers • free grain to poor citizens • increased number of people in Senate Who was happy about these changes and who was not?

37. DEATH OF CAESAR • Caesar’s popularity and power increased and made the Senate VERY nervous • WARNING: “Beware of the Ides of March.” • went to Senate and was stabbed multiple times • “Et tu Brute?” • Caesar’s death led to another civil war

38. Augustus • originally named Octavian • 18 year old grand-nephew and adopted son of Caesar • defeated rival generals and was named “imperator” (original of English word “emperor”) • powers included: veto laws, rule all Roman provinces, control of Roman Army • renamed Augustus, meaning “honored one” Does his name remind you of anything?

39. Pax Romana • means “Roman peace” in Latin • time when Augustus reformed Roman government • ran much more efficiently: new roads & buildings, water systems, unified government & money, improved system of imports and exports

40. Mt. Vesuvius & Pompeii Mount Vesuvius and Pompeii. Discovery Education (2007). Retrieved April 6, 2009, from Discovery Education: http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/

41. Pompeii • primary source information • neat blocks of houses and apartments made up city • public baths and theatres • shops and family workshops in city • large houses had gardens • meals found half-eaten were eggs & hazelnuts

42. CULTURE OF ANCIENT ROMAN EMPIRE • about 1 million people lived in Rome • new theatres, public baths & aqueducts • civil programs: firemen, policemen, free bread to the poor • entertainment = gladiators • successor of Augustus built an enormous stadium called “Colosseum”

43. The arena and seats of the Roman Colosseum.. IRC (2005). Retrieved April 21, 2009, from Discovery Education: http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/

44. Controlling the Empire • Rome became very popular, had a lot to offer • appointed governors to help enforce laws and act as local rulers • taxed everyone to pay for empire • a lot of military troops around city • soldiers were paid; great job for poor

45. Roman Engineers Built… • aqueducts = fresh water to city • stone bridges = made trade and military travel easier • public baths = commons area, included: libraries, museums, art galleries, place to discuss politics, business and gossip • first to use the arch in architecture • first to use concrete in building

46. Rome’s influence on USA • a lot of our political ideas • government set-up • language

47. Chapter 7 Lesson 3Vocabulary • civil war • dictator • gladiators • census • Pompeii

48. Rome: Chapter 7, Lesson 4 J E S U S cross crucifixion

49. CHRISTIANITY

50. The Life of Jesus • Jewish teacher, born in Judea (Israel) • taught about living a good life • believed to perform miracles • believed to be the Messiah (sent by God) • Messiah in Greek – “Christos”, hence name Jesus Christ • religion called Christianity