Welcome to all students Second Term - Session 14 CHCLD415A Confirm client developmental status

1. Diploma in Community Services (Case Management) 29th May 2012 Welcome to all studentsSecond Term - Session 14CHCLD415A Confirm client developmental status

2. Reminder!!!!!! • CHERYL: • RECORD THE MEETING

3. Timetable of delivery – Semester 1 Remaining on line sessions for Semester 1 2012 • 14/5/2012 – 1/6/2012 CHCLD415A Confirm client developmental status • 5/6/2012 – 22/6/2012 CHCNET404A Facilitate links with other services CHCORG506D Coordinate the work environment

4. Last week .................. .......... We looked at: • potential factors that may be responsible or contribute to developmental issues • A range of assessment tools • We had our first look at Joel – our new client • We briefly defined theory and how theory is developed • We looked at two theories and the theorist responsible for the development of their respective theory - theories of cognitive development and moral development

5. We looked at two developmental theorists and their theories: Jean Piaget (process of intellectual development) Lawrence Kohlberg (theory of moral development) Your task for the week was to read and become familiar with: Abraham Maslow (theory of social development) Erik Erikson (theory of personal and social development) James Fowler (theory of spiritual development)

6. What did you find out about Maslow and his theory of social development? • Use the chat pod for your responses

7. Humanism - Theory of social development The basis on which humanistic theory rests is the positive vision of the human being. Humanists believe that if individuals are allowed to develop freely, without undue constraints, they will become rational, socialised beings. They will also be intent on fulfilling not only their biological needs but also some higher visions of their capabilities. Two of the most influential theorists in this area were Carl Rogers (client centred therapy) and Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of Needs).

8. Abraham Maslow- self actualization • Maslow believed all humans are basically good • They have one master motive – the drive for self-actualisation • Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs, a series of needs which must be met, one by one, in the process of development before the adult can begin to pursue self-actualisation. • There are five levels of needs, each having to be satisfied before proceeding to the next level. • The five levels are: biological; safety; belongingness and love; esteem; and self actualisation

9. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

10. What did you find out about Erikson and his theory of social development? • Use the chat pod for your responses

11. Erik Erikson – social analysis of personality • Erik Erikson is considered a post Freudian thinker along with other theorists such as Carl Jung and Alfred Adler • To Erikson the major issue of development is the formation of the ego identity – a sense of self • He termed this psychosocial development • Proceeds through a series of chronological stages • Erikson sees personality developing from birth through to death • Erikson sees personality development as deeply affected by family and many other social agents e.g. Teachers, friends, spouses etc • Erikson also emphasised the importance of the ego and that at each stage of development there is a conflict between oneself and expectations of imposed by society

12. Erikson’s eight stages

13. What did you find out about Fowler and his theory of spiritual development? • Use the chat pod for your responses

14. James Fowler – stages of faith • A series of stages of faith development was proposed by Professor James W. Fowler, a developmental psychologist at Candler School of Theology, in the book Stages of Faith. This book-length study contains a framework and ideas, which have generated a good deal of response from those interested in religion • It proposes a staged development of faith (or spiritual development) across the life span. It is closely related to the work of Piaget, Erikson, and Kohlberg regarding aspects of psychological development in children and adults

15. In the first three stages of faith development, individuals in one way or another rely on some authority outside themselves for spiritual beliefs • Those who move to the fourth stage of faith begin a radical shift from dependence on others’ spiritual beliefs to development of their own. • Individuals who move to the sixth and last stage of faith (universalizing) are rare. As older adults, they begin to search for universal values, such as unconditional love and justice. Self-preservation becomes irrelevant. Mother Theresa and Mahatma Gandhi are examples of people in this form of spiritual development (Fowler, 1981).

17. How do we now identify the client’s developmental status? Remember development is influenced by genetics, environment and the activity of the individual themselves – again use this as a clue! What ways can you think of . . . ? Use the chat pod for your responses

18. The status of the client’s cognitive, moral and biological development status can be identified through: • Observation of the client • Questioning the client • Assessing the client (formal use of tools) • Reviewing other information/documentation • Reviewing all information gathered • Applying knowledge of the lifespan developmental theories

19. Factors to consider relating to appearance and behaviour • If a client has a biological developmental issue they mayu appear different • If the client has a psychosocial developmental issue they might behave in a manner that appears anti-social or ‘odd’ • If the client has cognitive developmental issues they may have difficulty following conversation, misunderstand you and not be able to understand abstract or complex concepts • If the client has lived in an impoverished environment they might suffer from poor nutrition or illness • If the client has lived in an abusive environment they may low self esteem, high anxiety, physical injuries • If the client is addicted to drugs they may unemployed or homeless, in the criminal justice system, depressed, suicidal

20. Client observation Learn to observe and understand: • Nonverbal behavior • Verbal behavior • Discrepancies and conflict • Styles associated with varying individual and cultural ways of expression Observe attending patterns of clients: • Non-verbal behavior • Verbal behavior • Conflict, incongruities, and discrepancies

21. Observe Verbal Behavior. Language is basic for what we do and four dimensions are useful for direct verbal observation in a session: • patterns of selective attention • client key words • “I” statements and “other” statements, and • abstract and concrete conversation.

22. Be aware of any conflict between you and the client Be aware when your perspective(s) conflict with your client. • Values and/or goals • Ethnic /cultural experiences • Gender /age differences • Learning /personality styles and approach Observe client verbal and nonverbal behavior to identify discrepancies, mixed messages, incongruity, and conflict. • A discrepancy is often a problem • But we do much of our learning from resolving discrepancies and incongruity

23. Questioning the client • All client circumstances and issues require exploration and discussion, so encouraging the client to discuss presenting issues and underlying issues or concerns is important • Asking the right question/s is significant • Using the right questions in particular situations is the key Check this site: • keyhttp://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_88.htm • Asking the right question is at the heart of effective communications and information exchange • Skilful questioning needs to be matched by careful listening so that you understand what people really mean with their answers. • Your body language and tone of voice can also play a part in the answers you get when you ask questions.

24. Re-visiting Joel Last week we identified factors that may be responsible for or contributed to significant developmental issues or missed developmental milestones with this Joel We also looked at the result of these developmental issues for the client as he has matured DO NOT USE THE CHAT POD UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD – complete the following: Choose one of the developmental theories studied and apply it to at least one of the identified factors which may have contributed to Joel’s current status. Provide an explanation for your choice and one question you may ask Joel to further explore his circumstances.

25. Next week • Check the Mindtools site regarding questioning techniques • Continue to review theorists and apply to the Gloria scenario • Select the theory you will focus on for the assessment • Applying an assessment tool to the Joel scenario • Referring appropriately • Commencing the networking unit