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The Romans

Explore the rise of Rome, from its early advantages in geography to its conquest of Italy and rivalry with Carthage. Learn how Rome became an empire and the economic and social changes that accompanied its growth.

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The Romans

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  1. The Romans

  2. The Italian Peninsula juts out like a boot into the Mediterranean sea. Off the toe lies the island of Sicily. The sea would provide protection for the early Romans and a highway for commerce and trade for a powerful Roman Empire. In the North lay the Alps mountains and the Po river which is fed from the spring run off of the Alps. This yearly melting provides water for rich farming region of the Northern Plain. Italian Geography

  3. The Apennine mountains run through the central portion of the peninsula. These are older mountains and are less barrier than the Alps or the mountains of Greece. Few people live on the east coast, the soil is poor and there are few good harbors. Most people live in the west, land is fertile and the mountains are further inland, there are good harbors Geography II

  4. Rome enjoyed many natural advantages. Centrally located on the 7 hills overlooking the Tiber river on the Latium plain. The Tiber offered food and easy transportation. Being 15 miles inland, Rome was not exposed to sea raiders Ancient Rome

  5. Conquest of Italy Rivalry between Rome and Carthage ( The Punic Wars) Winning an Empire Changing Economic and Social Conditions Pt. II Roman Republic509-133 B.C.

  6. The Conquest of Italy • For 200 years after the establishment of the Republic, The Romans fought to secure the Italian Peninsula • By 290 B.C. Rome was the leading state in Italy • By 264 B.C. the Romans controlled all of the Italian Peninsula • In order to Govern the Romans (Patricians) gave full citizenship and the right to vote to the people ofItaly (Plebeians).

  7. Rivalry between Carthage and Rome Carthage was a city founded on the coast of North Africa around 750 B.C. by the Phoenicians The Phoenicians were a confederation of trading partners ( Israel, Tyre and Sidon) Carthage had a huge commercial empire protected by a powerful Navy When the Romans defeated the Greeks in southern Italy, they found themselves at odds with Carthaginian trading partners

  8. The Punic Wars • Between 264 and 146 B.C. Rome and Carthage fought 3 long wars. • These wars are called the “Punic Wars”, it comes from the Latin word Punicus which means Phoenician .

  9. The Cities of Messina and Syracuse both claimed control of the Straits of Messina Rome supported Syracuse Carthage supported Messina The 1st Punic war : 264-241 B.C.

  10. The First Punic War: continued • Carthage was led by Hamlicar Baraca • The war lasted 23 years • The Romans had the best Army and • The Carthaginians had a better Navy • In 241 B.C. The Romans defeated the Carthaginians who have to pay reparations to Rome and give up control of the Islands of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia

  11. 2nd Punic War: 218-201B.C. • After the first Punic war Carthage began to extend its power into Spain, when Rome tried to stop them Hannibal the next King of Carthage took the offensive. • He took his army on a dangerous winter march through Spain and over the Alps mnts. using African Elephants! • Before Hannibal could reach Rome, The Romans invaded Carthage and Hannibal was forced to go home.

  12. In 201 B.C. Hannibal is defeated by Scipio “Africanus” at the Battle of Zama The Carpathian army capitulates to the Romans Hannibal flees to Asia Minor Rome becomes the major power of the western world Carthage must pay reparations and agrees not to go to war w/out Rome's permission 2nd Punic War cont.

  13. 3rd Punic War: 150 – 146 B.C. • Carthage goes to war w/out Roman permission • This violation of the peace terms enraged the Romans and the cry “ Carthage must be Destroyed” rang out all over the republic • The Roman Army invaded Carthage and Burnt the city to the ground, sold survivors into slavery, and turned the land around the city into a Roman province

  14. Winning an Empire • During the Punic Wars the Roman Army won territories in the Mediterranean world and in other places as well. • Mainly in Eastern and Western Europe ( Gaul and Greece). • At first the Romans were content to allow some freedom . They pursued a Foreign Policy Called clientella which made the relationship between Rome and other lands more like a business relationship

  15. Rome divided foreign lands into Provinces and chose former Roman officials to govern them. • Most Roman officials built roads, developed strong economies, and established new towns • The officials were not paid for their work, the position was thought to be an honor, so most Romans were corrupted, accepting bribes and keeping portions of the taxes

  16. Changing Economic and Social Conditions • The new gains brought Rome many new things • Advanced Learning from the Greeks • Trade and Commerce from Gaul and the Mediterranean • Grain, Treasure, and Slaves from all parts of Europe • Latifunda= large estates, also the name used for the a new middle class

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