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Anti-Doping Policies The Athletic Trainer’s Role

Anti-Doping Policies The Athletic Trainer’s Role. Are they really CHEATERS?. Nadine Waeghe, ATC, PT. Objectives. Overview of Doping Control Process: Governing Bodies Anti-Doping Organizations Legal Implications Work Place Drug Policies Terminology Testing Procedures

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Anti-Doping Policies The Athletic Trainer’s Role

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  1. Anti-Doping PoliciesThe Athletic Trainer’s Role Are they really CHEATERS? Nadine Waeghe, ATC, PT

  2. Objectives • Overview of Doping Control Process: • Governing Bodies • Anti-Doping Organizations • Legal Implications • Work Place Drug Policies • Terminology • Testing Procedures • Staff / Officials Responsibility • Athlete/Employee Responsibility • Athletic Trainer Role

  3. What do you THINK you KNOW?

  4. What do you THINK you KNOW? Barry Bonds ALEX RODRIGUEZ MARION JONES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXoRdSTrR-4 Maria Sharapova LANCE ARMSTRONG Michael Phelps RUSSIAN OLYMPIC TEAM

  5. LAYERS Implication LAYERS Regulation Event / Venue Team / Organization League / Level Sport National International World

  6. World Anti-Doping Agency The World Anti-Doping Agency was founded with the aim of bringing consistency to anti-doping policies and regulations within sport organizations and governments across the world. • Code Compliance Monitoring • Education • Scientific Research • Laboratory Accreditations • Therapeutic Use Exemptions • Athlete Biological Passport • Anti-Doping Administration & Management System (ADAMS) • Regional Anti-Doping Organization program • Athlete Outreach • Cooperation with Law Enforcement (all levels) • Independent Observer Missions (undercover data collection) A world where ALL athletes can compete in a doping-free sporting environment.

  7. Multi-Sport Organizations and Events International Organizations Members of the IPC Organizations for Athletes with an Impairment Other International Federations ARISF Members National Anti-Doping Organizations Regional Anti-Doping Organizations Other OIC Recognized Organizations AIMS National Paralympic Committees International Sports Federations for Athletes with an Impairment ASOIF Members AIOWF Members • IBU • FIBT • WCF • IIHF • FIL • ISU • FIS • IFCPF • WA • IAAF • BWF • FIBA • AIBA • ICF • UCI • FEI • FIE • IGF • FIG • IHF • FIH • IJF • UIPM • FISA • WORLD RUGBY • ISAF • ISSF • FINA • ITTF • WTF • ITF • ITU • FIVB • IWF • UWWFF • FAI • IFAF • FIA • FIB • WBSC • IBAF • WCBS • CMSB • FIQ • WBF • ICU • FIDE • ICC • IDSF • IFF • WFDF • WKF • IKF • ILSF • FIM • UIAA • IFNA • IOF • FIPV • FIP • UIM • IRF • FIRS • ISMF • IFSC • WSF • IFS • ISA • TWIF • CMAS • IWWF • IWUF • CACSO • CIFJ • CGF • CIJM • CISM • IMGA • IOC • FISU • IWGA • ODEBO • POCOG • GAISF Index of All National Anti-Doping Organizations* • RADO Africa Zone I • RADO Africa Zone II-III • RADO Africa Zone V • RADO Africa Zone VI • RADO Central Africa • RADO Caribbean • RADO Central America • RADO Central Asia • RADO Eastern Europe • RADO Indian Ocean • RADO Gulf States and Yemen • RADO Oceania • RADO South America • RADO South Asia • RADO South East Asia • RADO West Asia • EOC • OCA • ODESUR • PASO/ODEPA • GAISF • IAF • IFBB • ICSF • WDF • IDBF • FMJD • IFA • IGF • IFI • JJIF • FIK • WAKO • FILx • WMF • IFMA • IPF • FIAS • FIS • ISTAF • IFSS • ISTF • CIPS • BIFED • CPISRA • IBSA • INAS • IWAS • IWBF • IWRF • WPV • APC • CISS/ICSD • IPC • WAF • World Bowls Ltd. • IFC • WDC • IeSF • WKO • KIF • IKA • IFMP • IPSF • RLIF • ITF • WTC • UEFA

  8. Organizations with AD Rules • Pro Sports: NFL, MLB, NHL, NBA, PGA, WTA / ATP, MLS, Boxing, Horse Racing, FIFA, NASCAR, UFC • Olympic / International Sports: USADA governs official US Teams – Athletics, Ski/Snowboard, Swimming, Gymnastics, Wrestling, Boxing, Fencing… X-Games, Paralympics • Collegiate Sports: NCAA, NAIA, NJCAA • Youth / HS Sports: California Interscholastic Federation (CIF), Club Sports, Junior Olympic Competition • Military • Corporations • Particular Jobs: heavy equipment operators, transportation…

  9. Anti-Doping Enforcement • What legal contract was signed and between what parties? • What consequences were stated in writing for violation of contract? • What are specific policies for collection and testing? • What are stated policies for enforcement of violation? • Who actually signed the contract of agreement? (Esp if Minor) • Who determines if act was a violation? • Who carries out enforcement of violation? • What is policy for contesting or appealing violation allegations? • Who determines extent of consequences? • How are consequences served?

  10. Anti-Doping Terminology • Prohibited at ALL Times • Non-Approved Substances: any pharmacological substance not addressed by the List with no current approval by any government regulatory health agency. • Prohibited Methods • Exceptions • Prohibited in Particular Sports • Monitoring Program • In / Out of Competition • In-Season vs Off-Season • Injured Reserve • At Event vs Between Events vs Multi-Events • Whereabouts Program • Registered Testing Pool • Filing Failure • Missed Test • Doping Control Process / Testing • Doping Control Station • Doping Control Officer (DCO) • Athlete Selection • Sample Collection • Sample Analysis • Results management • Athlete Sample A & B • Adverse Analytical Finding • Sanction • Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) • Calendar Year vs 12 Months • Anti-Corruption Policies • Covered Persons / Related Persons

  11. Testing Procedures • Athlete Selection • Random • Competition Results • Targeted • In or Out of Competition • Athlete Notification • Sample Collection • Urine or Blood • A & B Sample • Athlete does all handling • Sample Analysis • Results Management https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWhudwnE3Fg

  12. Staff & Officials Responsibilities Athlete Support Team • Coach • Parent / Spouse / Family • Agent / Manager • Private PT / AT/ MT Sport Admin / Management • Athletic Director • Board/ CEO / Commissioner • Marketing / Communications • Event Supervisor • Compliance Officer Medical Team • Medical Director • Sports Sciences Team • Ancillary HCP Doping Control Reps • DCO / Chaperone • AD Testing Supervisor • Testing Lab Personnel • Review Committee/Board Governing AD Agency • Rules Committee • Sanctioning Board Legal Team • Athlete • Sport Organization • WADA • Law Enforcement

  13. Athlete Responsibilities • Read & Understand Athlete / Participation Contract. • Review WADA & Sport Doping Policy 6 weeks before season begins and share with Support Team to ensure understanding. • Carry Prohibited List at all times. • Complete TUE ASAP & keep approval readily available to show if/when tested. • Discuss with medical team prior to taking ANY substance, complete TUE in advance if possible. • Check ALL Dietary Supplements (supplement411.org). • Read EACH Entry Form / Registration Form. • Ask / Inquire / Educate self throughout year. • Know his/her Testing Pool & Whereabouts status. • Know timing of testing procedures & filings. • Know athlete RIGHTS during doping control process. • Determine which agency has notified / is testing him/her. • Ask for DCO credentials & understand his/her role. • Comply with sample collection procedure. • Prepare to show ID & have representative present if needed. • Ask to document any irregularities in writing. • Ensure Sample Code is correctly documented & all documentation is accurate, complete & signed. • Athletes must ensure that all substances prohibited in competition have “cleared” from his/her body prior to participation in an event period.

  14. Athletic Trainer Role • Join the Team / Process • Educate Pre Season • Athletes • Coaches • Family • Medical Community • PPE – Review Physicals • Meet with Individual Athletes • Ensure TUEs completed & on file • Provide Accessible Resources • Handouts • Posters • Online / Links • Collaborate with Dietitian • Communicate with Private Medical & Healthcare Practitioners • Be a Representative for athlete • Document everything! Venus struggled to breathe. Could the tournament physician administer a Beta-2 Agonist inhaler on court during the match?

  15. How are YOU supporting your athlete in regard to Anti-Doping Regulation?

  16. Primary References • WADA- https://www.wada-ama.org/en/content/what-is-prohibited • USADA- https://www.usada.org/substances/prohibited-list/ • Refers to this site: https://www.globaldro.com/Home as a place to check whether a substance you wish to take is banned in a variety of places and sports • Changes: https://www.usada.org/wp-content/uploads/wada_2019_english_summary_of_modifications.pdf • NCAA- http://www.ncaa.org/sites/default/files/2018-19NCAA_Banned_Drugs_20180608.pdf • NAIA- http://www.naia.org/fls/27900/wellness-center/pdf/NAIA_Banned_Substances_List.pdf • IAAF- https://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/anti-doping • IOC- List for 2018 Olympics- https://www.olympic.org/~/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/IOC/What-We-Do/Protecting-Clean-Athletes/Fight-against-doping/EN-Anti-Doping-Rules-PyeongChang2018.pdf?la=en • US Track & Field- https://www.usatf.org/about/legal/antidoping/prohibitedSubstances.asp • US Ski & Snowboard- https://my.ussa.org/alpine-programs/athletes/high-performance/sports-medicine/anti-doping • Other Useful info- https://www.fis-ski.com/en/inside-fis/governance/fis-anti-doping • FIS- https://res.cloudinary.com/fis-production/image/upload/v1537429916/fis-prod/assets/FISanti-dopingrules2016updatejuly2016_English.pdf • US Swimming- https://www.usaswimming.org/utility/landing-pages/doping-control-group/doping-control • FINA- http://www.fina.org/content/prohibited-list • US Gymnastics- https://www.teamusa.org/Home/Team%20USA%20Athlete%20Services/Anti-Doping • US Wrestling- https://www.teamusa.org/Home/Team%20USA%20Athlete%20Services/Anti-Doping • California High School Sports- http://www.cifstate.org/sports-medicine/performance_enhancement • Boxing- • US Boxing List: https://www.teamusa.org/Home/Team%20USA%20Athlete%20Services/Anti-Doping • AIBA List: https://d152tffy3gbaeg.cloudfront.net/2018/08/AIBA-Anti-Doping-Rules-August-1-2018.pdf • PGA-https://www.usga.org/content/dam/usga/pdf/2018/2017-2018_Anti_Doping_Manual.PDF

  17. Primary References • MLB- http://mlb.mlb.com/pa/pdf/prohibited-substances.pdf • NFL- https://www.nflpa.com/active-players/drug-policieshttps://nflpaweb.blob.core.windows.net/media/Default/PDFs/2018%20NFL%20PES%20Policy%20Prohibited%20Substances%20List.pdf • NHL- Follows WADA rules • NBA- Vague: https://www.nba.com/media/CBA101_9.12.pdf • MLS- Adopted WADA policy according to the New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/29/sports/soccer/contract-has-strict-drug-policy.html • Horse racing- Follows USADA rules within USA • Tennis- Follows WADA rules • FIFA- https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/fifa-anti-doping-regulations.pdf?cloudid=ujtnvke2uqscz2pgs4ct • X-Games - Follows WADA rules • Special Olympics- Follows USADA rules within USA • Paralympics- Follows USADA rules • UFC- https://ufc.usada.org/wp-content/uploads/UFC-anti-doping-policy-EN.pdf • NATA Position Statements- • http://natajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.4085/1062-6050-47.5.08 • https://www.nata.org/news-publications/pressroom/statements/position

  18. *National Anti-Doping Organizations Index A-K • Albania - Ministry of Tourism, Culture, Youth and Sports • Algeria - Commission Nationale Anti-Dopage • Andorra - Commission d’Étatantidopaged’Andorre (AGAD) • Angola - National Olympic Committee of Angola • Argentina - ComisiónAntidopajeInterina - ComitéOlímpicoArgentino • Armenia - National Anti-Doping Organization of Armenia • Aruba - National Olympic Committee of Aruba • Australia - Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) • Austria - Nationale Anti-Doping Agentur Austria (NADA) • Azerbaijan - Azerbaijan National Anti-doping Agency (ANADA) • Bahamas - Bahamas Olympic Committee • Bahrain - Bahrain Olympic Committee • Bangladesh - Bangladesh Olympic Association • Barbados - National Anti-Doping Commission of Barbados • Belarus - Belarus National Anti-Doping Agency (BNADA) • Belgium - (Flanders) NADO Flanders • Belgium - (French Community) French Community of Belgium NADO • Belgium - National Anti-Doping Organization of the Common Community Commission (COCOM) (Brussels) NADO • Belgium (German Community) - Ministerium der DeutschsprachigenGemeinschaftBelgiens NADO-DG • Belize - National Anti-Doping Organization of Belize • Benin - Organization béninoiseantidopage • Bermuda - Bermuda Council for Drug Free Sports (BCDS) • Bhutan - Bhutan Olympic Committee • Bolivia - National Olympic Committee of Bolivia • Bosnia & Herzegovina - Agency for Anti-doping Control of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ADABH) • Botswana - Botswana National Olympic Committee • Brazil - AutoridadeBrasileira de Controle de Dopagem (ABCD) • British Virgin Islands - British Virgin Islands Olympic Committee • Brunei Darussalam - Brunei Darussalam Anti-Doping Committee • Bulgaria - National Anti-Doping Commission Republic of Bulgaria • Burkina Faso - Comité national de luttecontre le dopage ONAD-CNLD • Burundi - ONAD du Burundi • Cambodia - Anti-Doping Agency (CADA) • Cameroons - OrganisationCamerounaise de Luttecontre le Dopage en Sport (OCALUDS) • Canada - Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sports (CCES) • Cape Verde - National Olympic Committee of Cape Verde • Cayman Islands - Cayman Islands Olympic Committee • Central Africa - Comité National Olympique et SportifCentrafricain • Chad - Commission nationale de luttecontre le dopagedans le sport (CNLDS) • Chile - ComisiónNacional de Control de Dopaje de Chile • China - China Anti-Doping Agency (CHINADA) • Chinese Taipei - Anti-Doping Commission, Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee • Colombia - COLDEPORTES • Comoros - ComitéOlympique et Sportif des îlesComores • Congo, Dem. Rep - Comité national antidopagecongolais • Cook Islands - Cook Islands Sports and National Olympic Committee • Costa Rica - ComisiónNacionalAntidopaje en el Deporte • Côte d'Ivoire - Comité National Olympique de Côte d'Ivoire • Croatia - Croatia Institute of Public Health • Cuba - National Anti-Doping Body for the republic of Cuba • Cyprus - Cyprus Anti-doping Authority (CyADA) • Czech Republic - Czech Anti-Doping Committee (CADC) • Denmark - Anti Doping Denmark (ADD) • Djibouti - Comité National OlympiqueDjiboutien • Dominica - National Anti-Doping Organization, Inc. • Dominican Republic - Dominican Republic NADO • Ecuador     - OrganizaciónNacionalAntidopaje de Ecuador (ONADE) • Egypt - Egyptian NADO • Equatorial Guinea - National Olympic Committee of Equatorial Guinea • Eritea - Eritea NADO • Estonia - Estonian Anti-Doping Agency (EADA) • Ethiopia - Ethiopia NADO • Fiji Islands - Drug Free Sport Fiji (DFSF) • Finland - Finnish Antidoping Agency (FINADA) • France - AgenceFrancaise de Luttecontre le Dopage (AFLD-NADO) • French Polynesia - Cellule AntidopagePolynesieFrancaise • Gabon - Comité National de Lutte et de Prévention du DopageGabonais • Gambia - Gambia National Olympic Committee • Georgia - Georgian Anti-Doping Agency • Germany - Nationale Anti Doping Agentur (NADA) • Ghana - Ghana Olympic Committee • Guine Bissau - National Olympic Committee of Guinea Bissau • Guinea - National Fight against Doping Committee • Great Britain - UKAD • Greece - Hellenic National Council for Combating Doping (ESKAN) • Grenada - Grenada Anti-Doping Organization  • Guam - Guam National Olympic Committee • Guatemala - AgenciaNacionalAntidoping Agency • Guyana - Guyana Olympic Association • Haiti - ComitéOlympiqueHaïtien • Honduras - National Olympic Committee of Honduras • Hong Kong - Hong Kong Anti-Doping Committee • Hungary - Magyar AntidoppingCsoport (HUNADO) • Iceland - National Olympic and Sports Association of Iceland (ISINOC) • India - India National Anti-Doping Agency (INADA) • Indonesia - Indonesia Anti-Doping Agency (LADI) • Iran - Iran National Anti Doping Organization  • Iraq - National Olympic Committee of Iraq • Ireland - Irish Sports Council (ISC) • Israel - Anti-Doping Committee of Israel (ISR-NADO) • Italy - ComitatoOlimpicoNazionaleItaliano (CONI) • Jamaica - Jamaica Anti-Doping Commission (JADCO) • Japan - Japan Anti-Doping Agency (JADA) • Jordan - Jordan Anti-doping Organization (JADO) • Kazakhstan - The Kazakhstan Anti-Doping Organization • Kenya - Anti-Doping Agency of Kenya (KNOC) • Kiribati - Kiribati National Olympic Committee • Korea - Korea Anti-Doping Agency (KADA) • Korea DPR - Korea Anti-Doping Agency (DPR) • Kuwait - Kuwait Anti-Doping Committee • Kyrgyzstan - National Olympic Committee of the Republic of KGZ

  19. *National Anti-Doping Organizations Index L-Z • Latvia - Anti-Doping department of Sport medicine State Agency • Lebanon - Lebanese Olympic Committee • Lesotho - Lesotho National Olympic Committee • Liberia - Liberia National Olympic Committee • Lithuania - Anti-Doping Agency of Lithuania • Stat of Libya - Libyan National Anti-Doping Committee (NADC) • Lithuania - Lithuanian Anti-Doping Agency • Luxembourg - AgenceLuxembourgeoiseantidopage (ALAD) • Macedonia - National Anti-Doping Commission • Madagascar - ComitéOlympiqueMalgache • Malawi - Malawi Anti-Doping Organization • Malaysia     - Anti-Doping Agency of Malaysia (ADAMAS) •    Maldives - Maldives National Anti-Doping Association (MANADA) • Mali - Commission Nationale de Luttecontre le Dopage • Malta - Malta Sport Council • Marshall Islands - National Olympic Committee • Mauritania - ComitéOlympiqueMauritanien • Mauritius - Anti-Doping Unit, Ministry of Youth and Sports, Mauritius • Mexico - ComitéNacionalAntidopaje de Mexico • Micronesia - Federated States of Micronesia National Olympic Committee • Moldova - National Antidoping Agency of Republic of Moldova  • Monaco - ComitéMonégasqueAntidopage • Mongolia - Mongolian National Anti Doping Organization • Montenegro - Montenegro Antidoping Commission • Morocco - Comité National OlympiqueMarocain • Mozambique - National Olympic Committee of Mozambique • Myanmar - Myanmar Anti-Doping Organization (MADO) • Namibia - Namibia National Olympic Committee • Nauru - Nauru Olympic Committee • Nepal - Nepal Olympic Committee • Netherlands - Anti-Doping Authority Netherlands • New Caledonia - Anti-Doping Organization New Caledonia • New Zealand - Dug Free Sport New Zealand (DFSNZ) • Nicaragua - InstitutoNicaragüense de Deportes (I.N.D.) • Niger - Comitéolympique et sportif national du Niger • Nigeria - Nigerian National Anti-Doping Committee • Norway - Anti-Doping Norway (AND) • Oman - Oman Anti Doping Committee (OADC) • Pakistan - Anti-doping Organization of Pakistan (ADOP) • Palau - Palau Anti-Doping Organization (PNOC) • Palestine - Palestinian Olympic Committee • Panama - InstitutoPanameño de Deportes • Papua New Guinea - Papua New Guinea Sports Anti-Doping Organization • Paraguay - National Anti-Doping Agency of Paraguay (NOC) • Peru -Commission Anti-Doping Peu NOC • Philippine - Philippines Sports Commission (PSC) • Poland - Polish Commission against Doping in Sport • Portugal - AutoridadeAntidopagem de Portugal (ADoP) • Puerto Rico - Puerto Rico Anti-doping Organization • Qatar - Qatar National Anti-Doping Commission • Romania - National Anti-Doping Agency of Romania • Russia - National Anti-Doping Organization (RUSADA) • Rwanda - Comité National Olympique et Sportif du Rwanda • Samoa - Samoa Association of Sport and National Olympic Committee Inc. • Saint Kitts & Nevis - St Kitts & Nevis Olympic Association • Saint Lucia - St Lucia Olympic Committee • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines National Olympic Committee • Samoa - Samoa Association of Sport and National Olympic Committee Inc. (SASNOC) • San Marino - NADO San Marino • Sao Tome and Principe - National Olympic Committee of Sao Tome and Principe • Saudi Arabia - Saudi Arabian Anti-Doping Committee (SAADC) • Senegal - Organisationnationaleantidopage du Sénégal • Serbia - Anti-Doping Agency of Serbia (ADAS) • Seychelles - Seychelles Anti-Doping Commission (SADC) • Sierra Leone - National Olympic Committee of Sierra Leone • Singapore - Anti-Doping Singapore • Slovakia - Slovak Anti-Doping Agency • Slovenia - National Antidoping Commission • Solomon Islands - National Olympic Committee of Solomon Islands • Somalia - Somali Olympic Committee • South Africa - South African Institute for Drug-free Sport (SAIDS) • Spain - Comisión de Control y Seguimientopara la Salud y el Dopaje • Sri Lanka - National Anti-Doping Organisation - Sri Lanka • Sudan - Sudanese Anti-Doping Agency • Suriname - Suriname Anti-Doping Autoriteit (SADA) • Sweden - Swedish Sports Confederation (RF) • Switzerland - Antidoping Switzerland • Syria - Syrian Olympic Committee • Tajikistan - National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Tajikistan • Tanzania - Tanzania Olympic Committee • Thailand - Sports Authority of Thailand (SAT) • Timor Leste - National Olympic Committee of Timor Leste • Togo - Comité National OlympiqueTogolais • Tonga - Tonga Sports Association and National Olympic Committee • Trinidad & Tobago - Trinidad and Tobago Olympic Committee • Tunisia - AgenceNationaleAntidopageTunisie • Turkmenistan - National Anti-Doping Agency of Turkmenistan (NADAT) • Turkey - Turkish Anti-Doping Commission • Turkmenistan - National Olympic Committee of Turkmenistan (NOCTKM) • Tuvalu - Tuvalu Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee • Uganda - Uganda Olympic Committee • Ukraine - National Anti-Doping Center of Ukraine • United Arab Emirates - United Arab Emirates Anti Doping Committee (UAE NADO) • Uruguay - DireccionNacional de Deporte – Ministerio de Turismo y Deporte • United States of America - US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) • Uzbekistan - National Antidoping Agency of Uzbekistan (UzNADA) • Vanuatu - Vanuatu National Olympic Committee (VASANOC) • Venezuela - Comisionantidopaje de la RepublicaBolivariana de Venezuela • Vietnam - Vietnam Anti-Doping & Sports Medicine Agency • Virgin Islands (U.S.) - Virgin Islands National Olympic Committee • Yemen - Yemen Olympic Committee • Zambia - National Olympic Committee of Zambia • Zimbabwe - Zimbabwe Olympic Committee

  20. Resources Independent Labs Administering Drug Testing:  • WADA list of accredited labs around the world: https://www.wada-ama.org/en/what-we-do/science-medical/laboratories/accredited-laboratories#region-americas • UCLA Olympic Analytical Lab: http://pathology.ucla.edu/olympic-lab • IDTM: http://idtm.se/ • SMRTL: https://www.smrtl.org/ Videos & Movies about Doping: • WADA- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWhudwnE3Fg • USADA- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQiRPnHYN00 • Icarus- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXoRdSTrR-4 • Bigger Stronger Faster- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KzGfuFFSxA • The Armstrong Lie- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukOJ_1b-8lQ • Lance Armstrong: Stop at Nothing- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVs1SUolp6o • Pantani: The Accidental Death of a Cyclist - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfN3uxk-vRs • Maria Sharapova: The Point - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVJOV4xnt4s • Len Bias: 30 for 30: Without Bias”- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kE3Bg28Bi3A

  21. Resources Articles about Anti-Doping Scandals: • Lance Armstrong • https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/17/us/lance-armstrong-fast-facts/index.html • https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/15/health/armstrong-ped-explainer/index.html • https://www.cnn.com/2012/10/10/sport/armstrong-report-highlights/index.html • Barry Bonds • https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/23/books/barry-bonds-and-baseballs-steroids-scandal.html • http://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=3113127 • https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fancy-stats/wp/2017/01/17/if-barry-bonds-ended-his-career-before-steroid-use-hed-be-a-clear-hall-of-famer/?utm_term=.8b4ce755d978 • Mark McGwire • https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/12/sports/baseball/12mcgwire.html • https://www.si.com/mlb/strike-zone/2013/08/22/steve-wilstein-mark-mcgwire-1998-steroid-era • Marion Jones • https://ukad.org.uk/videos/detail/the-marion-jones-story • http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/01/11/jones.doping/ • Len Bias • http://articles.latimes.com/1986-06-25/sports/sp-20106_1_len-bias • https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/06/19/remembering-len-bias-30-years-after-his-death-he-was-it/?utm_term=.8eed6c85009d • Michael Phelps • https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/06/sports/othersports/06phelps.html • Ben Johnson • https://www.cnn.com/2012/07/23/sport/olympics-2012-ben-johnson-seoul-1988-dirtiest-race/index.html • https://ukad.org.uk/videos/detail/the-ben-johnson-story • Maria Sharapova • https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/03/maria-sharapova-drug-scandal-may-be-darker-than-you-think • https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/10/how-serious-was-tennis-player-maria-sharapova-doping • Alex Rodriguez • https://www.cnn.com/2014/11/05/us/alex-rodriguez-steroids/index.html • https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/06/sports/baseball/alex-rodriguez-admits-to-doping-in-bosch-case.html • https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/2017/10/14/alex-rodriguez-says-peds-cost-him-40-million-hall-fame-and-more/764757001/ • Russian Team • https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/sports/olympics/rio-russia-ban-doping.html • https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/sports/russia-doping-mclaren-report.html • https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/sports/russia-doping-sochi-olympics-2014.html • USADA posts all of their sanctions of athletes on this website: • https://www.usada.org/category/sanction/

  22. Questions? nadine@elevate-performance.com 650-346-8779 408-888-1641 Elevate Performance & PT Redwood City, CA

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