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Conditions in the South

In the early 20th century, 10.5 million Black individuals in the USA faced severe discrimination in the North and systemic segregation in the South. From 1890, Southern states began rewriting their constitutions to exclude Black citizens through measures such as segregation, disenfranchisement, and violence. The landmark Plessey v. Ferguson case in 1896 reinforced racial segregation. Jim Crow laws proliferated, institutionalizing racial discrimination in public facilities, education, and marriage. This period marked a critical struggle for civil rights and highlighted deep-rooted racial injustices.

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Conditions in the South

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  1. Conditions in the South 10.5 million black people living in the USA in 1920 suffered discrimination in the North and segregation in the South 1890 – Many states in the South began to re write their constitutions to exclude Blacks Measures included: • Segregation • Denying Blacks the right to vote • (1900 – 180,000 could vote by 1902 – 3,000) • Violence and terror

  2. Plessey v. Ferguson1896 • Homer Plessey sat on a railway seat reserved for white people and he was arrested after refusing to move • The case went to the supreme court • The supreme court agreed 7 to 1 that as long as equal facilities were provided for each race, it was perfectly acceptable for black and white people to be kept separate

  3. What were the Jim Crow Laws? • The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. • Southern state governments could produce any Jim crow law they wanted

  4. The State of Florida All marriages between a white person and a Negro are hereby forever prohibited The State of Mississippi Separate schools shall be maintained for the children of the White and coloured races Jim Crow Laws The state of Georgia It shall be unlawful for coloured people to use any park for the use and enjoyment of white persons… and unlawful for any White person to use any park for the use and benefit of coloured persons The state of Alabama Every employer of White or Negro males shall provide for such White or Negro toilet facilities

  5. Activities • Explain what is meant by the term “racial segregation” • How did Southern states manage to prevent many Blacks from voting? • How did the numbers of Black people voting change in Louisiana and Alabama? 10mins

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