SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities Test Facility Task Force R. Hettel May 4, 2011

1. SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities Test Facility Task Force R. Hettel May 4, 2011

2. X-rayFEL Parameters – Now and Future (C. Pellegrini et al., summary of FEL workshops.) † photons/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1% BW red = parameter space to be developed SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

3. The Need for FEL Test Facilities • Many facility-years of R&D required to expand and exploit the potential parameter space and performance capabilities of future X-ray FELs (and perhaps reduce their cost) • Some R&D can be conducted at operational facilities like the LCLS, but availability highly limited and there is risk that R&D-related modifications may be a risk for user operations • Accelerator test facilities, possibly more than one, are required to conduct the FEL R&D program. Facilities operating in parallel at different energies desirable, e.g.: • low energy (order 5 MeV) for high brightness electron sources • mid-energy (order 100 MeV) ) for R&D on microbunching, CSR, injector optimization, etc. • high energy (order GeV) for R&D on nm-seeding, high-E manipulation, etc. • Nationwide R&D and test facility collaboration strategy preferred SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

4. FEL R&D Test Facility Task Force - Charge • Identify and prioritize candidate programs for FEL accelerator R&D at SLAC that 1) are relevant to SLAC, and 2) relevant to national and international FEL programs (e.g. NGLS) • Identify FEL test facilities at SLAC (existing and future) that can accommodate candidate R&D programs; estimate related implementation and operational costs and schedule for each • Determine what other labs could host various R&D programs besides SLAC • Recommend SLAC FEL test facility and R&D program options, including schedule of availability and implementation for each, as a function of assumed funding (e.g. 5 M$, 10 M$, 20 M$, 40 M$, etc.) • Future goal: develop collaborations and establish nation-wide accelerator test facility strategy SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

5. FEL R&D Test Facility Task Force – Members and Schedule Task force members: C. Adolphsen A. Brachmann E. Colby P. Emma J. Frisch A. Fry Z. Huang J. Galayda R. Hettel C. Pellegrini T. Raubenheimer J. Schmerge J. Seeman S. Tantawi J. Welch U. Wienands B. White Task force milestones: Dec 2010: Facility overview, charter clarification, working group assignments, schedule Jan-Mar 2011: Working group reports; task and schedule iteration Mid-April: Draft recommendations for internalreview End April: Final report SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

6. Test Facility Scenario Definition Process • FEL R&D list was prioritized, time of need and stakeholders identified • R&D tasks were mapped onto all facilities at SLAC and rough costs of modifying each facility to host the experiment • Optimal facilities were selected based on • cost of implementation • synergy between new and existing programs (both HEP and BES) • value as a long-term investment in SLAC infrastructure • Four funding scenarios were defined ranging from modest growth above current funding to a profile that matched the full FEL R&D program. • Types of funding (LDRD, BES R&D, WFO, etc.) were also prescribed and R&D tasks assigned by priority to the FEL program and appropriateness to the type of funding • Illustrative year-by-year funding profiles were developed to understand the R&D synergies and interferences SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

7. SLAC FEL R&D Program, including NGLS (Z. Huang, J. Hastings et al.) SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

8. SLAC Test Facilities • Cathode Research Laboratory (CRL) • photocathode development • Gun/RF Test Facility (G/RFTF, presently ASTA) • high brightness electron source R&D diagnostics R&D • Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) and ESB • low-E beam manipulation, compression and seeding (e.g. Echo-15) • electron source R&D • FEL technology test and measurement SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

9. SLAC Test Facilities – cont. • Sector 10 Injector (LCLS-II injector, installed early) • new LCLS operating regimes • LCLS injector parameter optimization • code benchmarking • velocity bunching test • LCLS-I and –II • self-seeding (hard and soft) • ultrafast techniques • multiple bunches • polarization control • THz/X-rays soft x-ray hard x-ray LCLS-I • S10 Injector • (early installation) LCLS-II SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

10. SLAC Test Facilities – cont. • Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experiment Tests (FACET, user facility) • plasma wakefield acceleration is primary goal • THz source development • beam diagnostics development • S0 Injector Test Facility - FUTURE • high energy laser seeding and beam manipulation (e.g. Echo-100, ESASE) • high energy bunch compression • advanced undulatortesting • possible future FACET-II SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

11. 2-10 GeV: High-E bunch compression tests Slotted spoiler tests Diagnostics Multi-bunch fast kickers Short (~1GL) undulator tests Seeding (NGLS) and ESASE Future LCLS-III injector Sector 0 Injector Test Facility – Multi-GeVFEL R&D (J. Frisch et al.) • 135 MeV: • Gun brightness optimization at 1pc – 3nC • Test other frequency RF guns (with new RF sources: X-band high gradient, low frequency (NGLS), possibly DC gun) • Multi-bunch tests. • Low charge diagnostics • Emittance exchange (with added equipment) • 250 MeV: • Compression Studies • Velocity bunching • Nonlinear optics • Micro-bunching and COTR • CSR studies • Laser Heater studies • Other Applications • Compact /efficient THz source • Electron Diffraction source SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

12. Test Facilities at SLAC and Elsewhere Low energy, <25 MeV high brightness beam facilities: LBNL – APEX SLAC – ASTA* SPRING - 8 Gun Test Lab UCLA – Pegasus Medium energy, 25 MeV to 500 MeV beam facilities: BNL-ATFBNL-SDL DESY Zeuthen -PITZ INFN – SPARC LLNL / SLAC – Megaray PSI-FEL-Injector Shanghai-SDUV SLAC-NCLTA SPring-8 - SCSS TA SLAC-Sector 10 Injector • High energy, > 500-MeV facilities: • FNAL – NML KEK-ATF2 MIT Bates LINAC SLAC-ESTB • SLAC –FACET SLAC Sector 0 ITF • High energy, >1 GeV FEL user machines (limited access time): • DESY – FLASH SLAC - LCLS-I and -II Trieste - FERMI SPring-8 FEL • Other facilities, not well-suited for FEL R&D: • ANL AWA CERN-CTF-III Cornell - CESR_TA Daresbury-ALICE • Daresbury-EMMA Duke- Storage Ring FNAL - A0 / NICADD LBNL-BELLA • LLNL Pleiades SLAC - ESB TJNAF - JLab FEL TJNAF – CEBAF • UCLA-Neptune SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

13. Funding-DependentTest Facility Scenarios no nm laser seeding or high-E bunch compression hi-E laser seeding and compression SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

14. SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

15. SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

16. SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

17. SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

18. Funding-DependentTest Facility Scenarios – cont. preliminary cost estimates are very approximate SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

19. FEL R&D Test Facilities at SLAC: Summary • Future science applications, including those for LCLS and NGLS X-ray FELs, will require accelerators having cutting edge performance • Investment in test facilities for accelerator R&D will be critical to the success of future FEL facilities in exploiting FEL performance potential • Accelerator R&D can help reduce facility construction costs • Test facilities are invaluable for attracting high quality accelerator • scientists and students and for stimulating innovation in general • Important to have test facilities with different energy scales • Test facilities are expensive; even small facilities are expensive to • operate and maintain • Collaboration on FEL R&D with other laboratories (LBNL/NGLS, etc.) • will benefit all – NEXT STEP • Model for accelerator test facility support is changing but support is critical for future R&D (HEP, BES, etc.) – need a national plan – NEXT STEP SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011