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Communities & Ecosystems

Communities & Ecosystems. Honors Biology Ch 37 concepts. Communities described by:. Species diversity (biodiversity) Richness Relative abundance Dominant species Succession Keystone species Response to disturbances Trophic structure Feeding structure.

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Communities & Ecosystems

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  1. Communities & Ecosystems Honors Biology Ch 37 concepts

  2. Communities described by: • Species diversity (biodiversity) • Richness • Relative abundance • Dominant species • Succession • Keystone species • Response to disturbances • Trophic structure • Feeding structure

  3. Evolution is key to forming niches • Role an organism plays in the Environment

  4. Interactions tie populations together as communities • Symbiosis • any close relationship between species • Influenced by NRG gain/loss • Evolution’s role in interactions?

  5. Species Interactions

  6. Interactions (symbiosis) • Helpful • Mutualism • Commensalism • Predator/prey • Coevolution • herbivory • Harmful • Parasite/host • Competition • Neither • neutralism

  7. Evolutionary influence on symbiosis • camouflage • Batesian mimicry • Mullerian mimicry

  8. Parasitism

  9. Trophic levels • Producers form the basis • Consumers “eat” those below them • Only 10-20% of the energy of one level is passed on to the next level • Up to 90% of the energy available at one level is LOST to the other levels as HEAT • HOW many trophic levels can any ecosystem support?

  10. In all ecosystems… • Energy is moved through an ecosystem via a series of linked reactions • Some is lost as heat • The role an organism plays determines how much energy it will get • (nutrient matter is recycled)

  11. BioMagnification • Youtube video – garbage island

  12. The more interconnections that are made, the more stable an ecosystem is • Species diversity or species richness • diversity = stability = survivability of ecosystem

  13. Environments change - succession

  14. Primary succession • Pioneer plant • Secondary succession

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