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History of the Internet

History of the Internet. Dr Maria Elena Villapol January 2009. 1957. Spuntnik was launched. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the Department of Defense (DoD) was formed as response. Mid-1960s. Mainframe computers were standalone computers. ARPA.

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History of the Internet

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  1. History of the Internet Dr Maria Elena Villapol January 2009

  2. 1957 • Spuntnik was launched. • Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the Department of Defense (DoD) was formed as response.

  3. Mid-1960s Mainframe computers were standalone computers.

  4. ARPA • Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the Department of Defense (DoD) was interested in finding a way to connect computers. • So researchers, they funded could share they findings.

  5. 1959-1967 • There was some research on packet networks: • LenoardKleinrock: Information Flow in Large Communication Networks, PhD Thesis, 1961. • Paul Baran, RAND: "On Distributed Communications Networks" - Packet-switching (PS) networks; no single outage point, 1961. • Larry Roberts/Tom Marill publish first paper on network experiments, 1966.

  6. 1965 • ARPA sponsors study on "cooperative network of time-sharing computers" – • TX-2 at MIT Lincoln Lab and Q-32 at System Development Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) are directly linked (without packet switches) • Question • How were they connected? • A satellite link • A dedicated telephone line. • A radio link • TV network

  7. 1967 • ACM Symposium on Operating Principles: • Larry Roberts presented a plan for a packet-switching network. • Laboratory (NPL) in Middlesex, England develops NPL Data Network under D. W. Davies. Donald Davies Larry Roberts ARPA’s Director

  8. 1967 • ARPA wants to build a small computer network. • It is called ARPANET later on. • Host computer would be attached to a specialized computer, called Interface Message Processor, IMP. • An IMP would be connected to one another. • An IMP had to be able to communicate with: • Attached host • Other IMP

  9. 1968 • BBN in consulting firm in Cambridge, Massachusetts wins the contract to build the subnet and write the software.

  10. 1969 • Question • How many nodes did the very first ARPANET have? • 2 nodes. • 4 nodes. • 10 nodes. • 100 nodes.

  11. 1969 • First node at UCLA, Network Measurements Center [SDS SIGMA 7, SEX] : • Soon after at: • Stanford Research Institute (SRI), NIC [SDS940/Genie] • UCSB, Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics [IBM 360/75, OS/MVT] • Univ of Utah, Graphics [DEC PDP-10, Tenex]

  12. 1969 IMP

  13. 1969 SRI UCLA

  14. 29 Oct 1969 • First Message sent on the Internet. • Question • What was the first message ever sent on the Internet? • “What hath God Wrought” (Morse, 1844) • “Watson, come her, I want you” (Bell, 1876) • “LO” (??) • “One Giant Leap for Mankind” (Amstrong 1969)

  15. 1969 • Question • The news of the first message on the Internet was announced by: • Yahoo Today News • Nobody noticed • Several newspapers, magazines, and radio and television broadcasters around the world.

  16. November 1969

  17. 1969: 4-node ARPANET • The Network Control Protocol (NCP) provides communication between the hosts

  18. 1970 • ALOHAnet developed by Norman Abrahamson, Univ of Hawaii. • connected to the ARPANET in 1972

  19. 1971 • 15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Univ of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames.

  20. 1971

  21. 1973-1974 • 1973: Vinn Cerf and Bob Kahn design TCP. • 1974: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication" which specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control Program (TCP). [IEEE Trans Comm]

  22. 1978 • TCP splits into TCP and IP.

  23. 1982 • DCA and ARPA establish the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET. • This leads to one of the first definitions of an "internet" as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP, and "Internet" as connected TCP/IP internets. • DoD declares TCP/IP suite to be standard for DoD.

  24. 1986-1989 • 1986: Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) comes into existence under the IAB. First IETF meeting held in January at Linkabit in San Diego. • 1987: Number of hosts breaks 10,000 • 1989: Number of hosts breaks 100,000

  25. 1970-1990 Internet Applications • E-mail • News • Remote Login using Telnet, rlogin, ssh • File Transfer using FTP

  26. 1991-1993 • 1991:National Science Fundation (NFS) opens Internet for commercial use. • 1992: World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee developer. • 1993: March Andreesson Mosaic Browser

  27. 1994 • First spam on the Internet by two Arizona-based attorneys Lawrence Canter and Martha Siegel.

  28. References • Leonard Kleinrock . Brief History of the Internet. http://www.oid.ucla.edu/webcast/Inet35/. • R. Zakon. Hobbes' Internet Timeline. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2235.txt.

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