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Narrative in Film

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Narrative in Film

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    1. Narrative in Film SPH 106 Broadcasting & Film Prof. Gary Christenson

    2. Narration is fundamental to film First narrative film made in 1895, “The Gardner Gets Watered” Until then, “actualities” were made Comedies begin to appear in 1902 Nickelodeons appear in number by 1910

    3. Fiction films represent 97% of industry by 1909. D.W. Griffith perfects narrative film with more advanced editing techniques and multiple camera shots. This is best seen in “Birth of a Nation.”

    4. Fundamentals of Narrative Film A “contract” between filmmaker and audience that determines interpretation. Story (total event) and plot (sequencing of sub-events). A narrative point of view (first person, third person)

    5. Narrative Structure Story, which designates the larger set of events. Plot, which refers to the sequencing of events. Flashback, a return to an earlier event, often for purposes of advancing the narrative. Examples found in Annie Hall and Citizen Kane.

    6. Elliptical narrative, one that jumps around in many different time frames. Ex. Annie Hall.

    7. Authorship & Point of View “Implied author,” the artistic perspective or style that a film has. Consider the different styles between a “Spielberg film” and a “Kubrick film.” One is noted for being fanciful and uplifting while the other is known for cyncism and a darker look. “Real author,” the flesh and blood creator of the work.

    8. Point of view determines camera shots and transitions. First person, implicit or explicit, (events shown through eyes of character) Third person (most often used with character reacting to events)

    9. Classical Hollywood Narrative Features a main line of action and subplots. Plot is directed by a main character (protagonist) pursuing a goal. Conclusion shows characters achieving or failing to achieve goals.

    10. Narrative Orders Explicit causality—one event clearly causes another in the narrative. Ex. Death Wish Implicit causality—events are more loosely related to one another. Ex. The Conversation

    11. Viewer’s contribution Suspense—giving viewers enough information to create involvement and even anxiety. Ex. Cliffhanger Surprise—withholding information from viewers. Ex. Psycho

    12. Genres A set of interrelated stories and associated images. Cultural motifs. Western Gangster film Musical Horror film Sci-fi film

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