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Lincoln drove home two points during his inauguration…

Lincoln drove home two points during his inauguration…. He would do whatever needed to preserve the Union He had no intent to interfere, directly or indirectly, with the institution of slavery. The Civil War was underway!. The North vs. The South The Union vs. The Confederacy

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Lincoln drove home two points during his inauguration…

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  1. Lincoln drove home two points during his inauguration… He would do whatever needed to preserve the Union He had no intent to interfere, directly or indirectly, with the institution of slavery

  2. The Civil War was underway! The North vs. The South The Union vs. The Confederacy The Blue vs. the Gray

  3. April 12, 1861Charleston, South Carolina Lincoln planned to maintain control over the South by holding federal fortifications in the secession states Jefferson Davis, elected Confederate President, saw this as a weakness and refused to allow it.

  4. Lincoln sends a supply ship to fortify Fort Sumter, a Union garrison. For two days, Confederate troops bombarded the fortress , forcing the federal forces to surrender.

  5. An ill-prepared North readied for war. Northern forces: -only 16,000 men -No general staff -only 42 ships ready Lincoln calls up 75,000 militia to active service for 90 days. In the South: -500,000 men enlisted for service -Had prepared leaders who graduated from West Point But, Did not have enough guns or uniforms

  6. July,1861The Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) • First major battle of war 30,000 Union v 22,000 Confed. General Thomas J. Jackson Uses 9000 inexperienced Confed. Troops to force Union troops to retreat to Washington (gets nickname “Stonewall”) Things seem to be going the South’s way…..

  7. Battles With Dual Names Date of Battle Confederate Name Federal Name July 21, 1861  First Manassas  Bull Run  Aug. 10, 1861  Oak Hills  Wilson's Creek  Oct. 21, 1861   Leesburg  Ball's Bluff  Jan. 19, 1862  Mill Springs  Logan's Cross Roads  Mar. 7-8, 1862  Elkhorn Tavern Pea Ridge  Apr. 6-7, 1862  Shiloh  Pittsburg Landing  June 27, 1862 Gaines's Mill  Chickahominy  Aug. 29-30,1862 Second Manassas   Second Bull Run  Sept. 1, 1862  Ox Hill Chantilly  Sept. 14, 1862  Boonsboro  South Mountain  Sept. 17, 1862  Sharpsburg  Antietam  Oct. 8, 1862  Perryville  Chaplin Hills  Dec. 31, 1862- Jan 2, 1863  Murfreesboro  Stones River  Apr. 8, 1864  Mansfield Sabine Cross Roads  Sept. 19, 1864  Winchester  Opequon Creek

  8. 1862 Union General – Ulysses S. Grant • The Battle of Shiloh • Union Victory • 13,000 Union and 11,000 Confederate dead Significance= S – Troops began to desert service Davis enacts the first conscription law in US history (a draft) Rich Southerners hired substitutes to serve in their place ($5K to $6K) Or sent their slaves

  9. Davis also – -imposed martial law (military in control) -collected taxes from farm and plantation owners -Forced farmers to switch from cash crops to food crops -Used slaves for labor (impressment) -Took control of all Southern railroads

  10. August 1862 The Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) • Confederate General Robert E. Lee Vs. • Union General George B. McClellan • Lee’s plans are discovered (cigars) • McClellan is slow to react September 17 – Sharpsburg, MD 14 hours of intense fighting over a small bridge Robert E. Lee George B McClellan

  11. 4,800 dead 18,500 wounded 3,500 would die from injuries Darkness mercifully ended the single bloodiest day in American History

  12. The Ironclads New ship technology • Wooden ships covered with steel plates one foot thick • South = The Virginia (Merrimack) • North = The Monitor Sunday March 9, 1862 After 6 hours and no damage the battle was over The era of the wooden ship died!

  13. CSS Virginia comes from the USS Merrimack USS Monitor Damage for the battle

  14. The H.L. Hunley Thomas Park & Thomas Lyons The first attack submarine Used a spar torpedo that was stuck on the hull of the enemy ship

  15. 1863 • McClellan is replaced with General Hooker (end of 1862) - he ignored a direct presidential order at Battle of Richmond January 1, 1863 President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation It promised to free the slaves of those secession states who did not return to the Union!

  16. But only if the North wins! By the Emancipation Proclamation 3,063,392 slaves were set free, as follows: Arkansas 111,104 Alabama 435,132 Florida 61,753 Georgia 462,232 Mississippi 436,696 North Carolina 275,081 South Carolina 402,541 Texas 180,682 Virginia (part) 450,437 Louisiana (part) 247,734

  17. The Battle of Gettysburg July 1st, 2nd &3rd, 1863 75,000 Confed. meet 97,000 Union Confederates use their resources to attempt to break the Union line. July 3 – Pickett’s Charge 15,000 Confed. troops marches across 1000 open yards. 10,000 Confed. soldiers would be wounded or killed.

  18. Union losses: 3,155 dead 23,049 wounded Confederate losses: 4,965 dead 17,287 wounded It is the deadliest engagement of the Civil War! • The North could resupply • Marks the beginning of the end for the South

  19. November 19, 1863 • President Lincoln is invited to speak at the dedication ceremony for Gettysburg National Cemetery The Gettysburg Address -267 words long Ignites the fighting spirit of the North Lincoln is determined to win!

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  21. 1864 – The Beginning of the End • - Battle of the Wilderness • Battle of Spotsylvania Sherman’s March to the Sea - Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman Marches from the Mississippi River to Atlanta, Georgia destroying everything in his path Much southern resistance was destroyed!

  22. 1865 – Only Virginia and the Carolinas remained • Sherman and Grant agree to meet in Richmond • Lee is forced to retreat across the Appomattox River -after losing 7,000 more men, Lee makes a fateful decision April 9, 1865 General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse (McLean House) The War is Over!

  23. The Cost of War! 620,000 soldiers lost their lives -360,000 Union -260,000 Confederate (nearly equals the 680,000 lost in ALL other was US has been involved with) A stronger National government -took over jobs managed by states -currency, militias, taxes and more A new sense of Nation / Union and Lincoln is reelected

  24. April 14, 1865 President Lincoln decides to celebrate by taking a play in at Ford’s Theater Little did he know the third act would be so painful!

  25. John Wilkes Booth Original plot to kidnap Lincoln and force N. to surrender After Appomattox, it becomes a plot to kill the President and other cabinet members (VP & Sec of State) 8 other conspirators included a woman (Mary E. Surratt)

  26. Booth shoots Lincoln in the head • He leaps to the stage (breaking a leg) and escapes into the night Co-conspirator fails to kill William Seward – Sec of State (Lewis Paine) • Lincoln is carried across the street and lies motionless until 7:22 a.m. the next morning He dies of his wounds

  27. Booth would flee and later be shot in the neck by Sgt. Boston Corbett “Providence directed me”

  28. The remaining conspirators were hung for their roles Mary E. Surratt became the first woman executed by the Federal Government

  29. On April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson was sworn in as the President of the United States Lincoln never saw his lasting affect on the nation.

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