4 /24 Focus:

1. 4/24 Focus: • Military technology and disease allowed the Spanish to quickly conquer Native people in the Americas. • Do Now: • Identify one way that the Inca adapted to their physical geography and environment.

2. European Exploration and Imperialism in the Americas Spain

4. The Encounter • Oct. 1492 Columbus lands in the West Indies • Encounters Native Americans • Initial relations between Spanish and Native Americans were friendly • This changed when the Spanish tried to exploit Native Americans and their lands for profit

6. Motives for Spanish Imperialism • God, Gold, and Glory • God: Spanish wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity • Missionaries: priests who came to the Americas to convert Native Americans • Gold: acquire wealth for Spain • Glory: personal wealth and power

7. Conquistadors • Spanish soldiers who came to North and South America for God, Gold, Glory • Conquered native people throughout the Americas • Guns • germs (disease) • iron weapons • the horse

8. Conquistadors • Hernan Cortez • Explored Mexico • Conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519

9. Conquistadors • Francisco Pizarro • Explored south America • Destroyed the Incan Empire in 1532

10. Missions • A religious community that usually included a town, surrounding farmland, and a church

11. Spanish Colonial Economy Treasuresfrom the Americas! • Was based on: • mining gold and silver • Farming sugar cane on plantations

12. The Encomienda System • Forced Native Americans to pay tribute or provide labor to Spanish landowners

13. The Encomienda System • Disease and overwork killed large numbers of Native Americans • Led Spanish to start bringing slaves from Africa to work plantations

14. Bartolomede la Casas • Spanish priest who convinced the Spanish gov’t to pass a law which forbid using Indians as slaves • Led to Spain using Africans as slaves • Known as the protector of the Indians

15. The Spanish Class Structure in the Americas Peninsulares People born in Spain Creoles People born in America with Spanish parents Mestizos People with mixed Spanish and Native American/African parents Mulattoes Native Americans African Slaves

16. Spanish Class Structure in the Americas • Peninsulares • People born in Spain; owned the land; ran gov’t • Creoles • Born to Spanish parents in the Americas • Mesitzos & Mulattoes • People with Spanish and Indian/African parents • Native Americans & Enslaved Africans

17. Spanish Government in the Americas • Spanish Viceroyalties • Spain divided it’s territory into 4 provinces • Each province run by a viceroy appointed by king

19. Closure • Identify three reasons that Spanish conquistadors came to the Americas. • What was the Encomienda System? • Why did Spain begin bringing in African slaves as labor on their plantations?