HEALTH ILLNESS

1. HEALTH & ILLNESS

2. Definitions of Health States Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease (WHO) Illness: the unique response of a person to a disease Wellness: an active state, oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual

3. The Human Dimensions of Health Physical dimension � genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender Emotional dimension � how the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions Intellectual dimension � cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences Environmental dimension � housing, sanitation, climate, pollution of air, food, and water

4. Cont. Human Dimensions of Health Sociocultural dimension � economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture Spiritual dimension � spiritual beliefs and values

5. Models of Health and Illness The agent-host-environment model: The agent, host, and environment interact in ways that create risk factors. The health-illness continuum: Views health as a constantly changing state with high-level wellness and death on opposite sides of a continuum The high-level wellness model The health belief model The health promotion model

6. Factors Affecting Health Status, Beliefs, and Practices Risk factors for illness Factors in the human dimensions that influence health-illness status Beliefs and practice Basic human needs Self-concept

7. Basic Human Needs (Maslow)

8. Factors That Influence a Person�s Self Concept Past experiences Interpersonal interactions Physical and cultural influences Education

9. Types of Illness Acute illness Generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time Examples: appendicitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, common cold Chronic illness A broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations Examples: diabetes mellitus, lung disease, arthritis, lupus

10. Stages of Illness Behavior Experiencing symptoms Assuming the sick role Assuming a dependent role Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

11. Levels of Preventive Care Primary prevention � e.g., diet, exercise, immunizations Secondary prevention � e.g., screenings, mammograms, family counseling Tertiary prevention � e.g., medications, surgical treatment, rehabilitation