Psychological Disorders

1. Psychological Disorders Chapter 12

2. I. Introduction to Psychological Disorders Module 27

3. A. Psychological Disorder: A harmful dysfunction in which behaviors are �MUDA�

4. �MUDA� Maladaptive: destructive to oneself or others Unjustifiable: does not make sense Disturbing: bothers other people Atypical: violates a cultural norm

5. 1. The Medical Model Mental disorders are sicknesses that have physical causes. They can be diagnosed, treated, and (usually) cured.

6. 2. Bio-Psycho-Social Model Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders

7. Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective

8. B. Classifying Disorders Module 27: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

9. 1. DSM-IV-TR A manual used for classifying psychological disorders. Lists symptoms but not causes of each disease

10. a. Axes of Diagnosis Axis I: Main disorder Axis 2: Personality Disorders or MR Axis 3: Medical Conditions Axis 4: Psychosocial Issues (school, work, financial, or family problems) Axis 5: GAF score (0-100)

11. 2. Labeling Stigmas Studies show a clear bias against people diagnosed with mental disorders. EX: After Ms. A found out that Sara had ADHD, she started noticing more problems with Sara�s behavior.

12. II. Anxiety and Mood Disorders Module 28

13. A. Anxiety: A vague feeling of apprehension or nervousness

14. 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Persistent, unexplained feelings of apprehension and tenseness Some symptoms: feeling on edge, difficulty concentrating, lack of sleep

15. 2. Panic Disorder Sudden bouts of intense, unexplained panic Symptoms: Agitation, shortness of breath, a sense of dread

16. 3. Phobia: Disruptive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations

17. Phobias

18. a. Agoraphobia: Fear of leaving one�s home Due to fear of situations the person views as difficult to escape from

19. 4. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Unwanted, repetitive thoughts & actions that take control of the person�s life a. Obsessions � repetitive thoughts b. Compulsions � repetitive actions

21. 5. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reliving a severely upsetting event in unwanted recurring memories (flashbacks) and dreams

22. Mood Disorders: a disturbance in emotions Module 28: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

24. 1. Major Depressive Disorder A person, for no apparent reason, experiences at least two weeks of depressed moods, lack of interest in activities, feelings of worthlessness, sleep disturbance, and other symptoms

25. 2. Dysthymic Disorder A chronic state of low energy and self-esteem that is a bit less disabling than major depression

26. 3. Bipolar Disorder Alternating between the hopelessness of depression and an overexcited and unreasonably optimistic state of mania Formerly called manic-depressive

27. III. Somatoform Disorders Psychological disorders in which symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause

28. 1. Hypochondriasis Believing that one is sick and suffering physical symptoms without any underlying physical cause 2. Conversion Disorder A loss of physical function due to high anxiety

29. IV. Dissociative Disorders and Schizophrenia Module 29

30. A. Dissociative Disorders The sense of self has become separated (dissociated) from our previous sense of who we are

31. 1. Dissociative Amnesia Loss of memory in reaction to a traumatic event Example: soldiers in combat

32. 2. Dissociative Fugue Loss of identity and travel to a new location The person may develop a new identity and begin a new life.

33. 3. Dissociative Identity Disorder A rare, controversial disorder in which an individual experiences 2 or more distinct, alternating personalities Formerly called multiple personalities

34. B. Schizophrenia A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

35. 1. Symptoms of Schizophrenia Delusions (false beliefs) Hallucinations (false perceptions) Inappropriate emotions or behaviors (word salad, waxy flexibility)

36. 2. Types of Schizophrenia

37. 3. Causes of Schizophrenia a. Genetics suggest a predisposition to develop schizophrenia; it tends to run in families.

38. 3. Causes of Schizophrenia, CONTINUED Smaller amounts of brain tissue and larger fluid filled spaces Smaller thalamus Less activity in frontal lobes More dopamine receptor sites May be caused by prenatal viruses

39. V. Personality Disorders Module 29: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders

40. A. Personality Disorders Lasting, rigid behavior patterns that seriously impair one�s social functioning Divided into three clusters: Related to anxiety With odd and eccentric behaviors With dramatic or impulsive behaviors

42. 1. Avoidant Personality Disorder So sensitive about being rejected that they avoid personal relationships

43. 2. Dependent Personality Disorder Behave in clingy, submissive ways and display a strong need to be taken care of

44. 3. Paranoid Personality Disorder Deep distrust of other people, which gets in the way of personal relationships

45. 4. Schizoid Personality Disorder Detached, no social skills. Avoid intimate interactions at all costs True hermits, preferring life alone.

46. 5. Borderline Personality Disorder Exhibit instability of emotions, self-image, and relationships Often exhibit suicidal behavior

47. 6. Antisocial Personality Disorder Absolutely no concern for the rights or feelings of other people No conscience and no remorse Formerly called psychopath or sociopath

48. The End