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203A Intro to Ubicomp

203A Intro to Ubicomp. Prof. Cristina Lopes lopes@ics.uci.edu. Ubiquitous Computing. From Webster: Main Entry: ubiq·ui·tous Pronunciation: yü-'bi-kw&-t&s Function: adjective Date: 1837 : existing or being everywhere at the same time : constantly encountered : WIDESPREAD

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203A Intro to Ubicomp

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  1. 203A Intro to Ubicomp Prof. Cristina Lopes lopes@ics.uci.edu

  2. Ubiquitous Computing • From Webster: • Main Entry: ubiq·ui·tousPronunciation: yü-'bi-kw&-t&sFunction: adjectiveDate: 1837: existing or being everywhere at the same time : constantly encountered : WIDESPREAD • First envisioned and formulated by Mark Weiser (Xerox PARC) c. 1990. • AKA pervasive computing

  3. Three Waves • Mainframe computing (60’s-70’s) • massive computers to execute big data processing applications • very few computers in the world • Desktop computing (80’s-90’s) • one computer at every desk to help in business-related activities • computers connected in intranets to a massive global network (internet), all wired • Ubiquitous computing (00’s-?) • tens/hundreds of computing devices in every room/person, becoming “invisible” and part of the environment • WANs, LANs, PANs – networking in small spaces

  4. Variations of Ubicomp • Embedding for smart control • Embedded systems for cars, airplanes, etc. • Creating new computing devices • Hi-tech, silicon-based gadgetry, e.g. PDAs, cell phones, mp3 players, active displays • Connecting the existing physical world to a computational infrastructure • Ordinary objects and tasks re-evaluated and extended with computational/communication capabilities

  5. Bob Example – office door bells

  6. Example – “sousveillance” systems • as opposed to surveillance: • “sousveillance”: watchful vigilance from underneath • people can opt-out • people join for own benefit • http://www.surveillance-and-society.org/articles1(3)/sousveillance.pdf

  7. Applications first • How can we enhance [everyday] activities by connecting them to a computational infrastructure? • What computational infrastructure do we need?

  8. Comp Sci and Eng Issues • HCI • Security & Privacy • Communications & Networking • Operating Systems • Hardware Design • Software Design • The whole field! (again)

  9. HCI • the shrinking I/O interface • overcoming real-estate shortage • new devices • voice / video input • how to address many computers (without going insane)

  10. Security & Privacy • wireless data • pervasive access points to network • implementing surveillance • overcoming surveillance

  11. Communications & Networking • Home Networks, Personal Area Networks, Ad-hoc Networks • new media (e.g. sound, chemicals) • new ways of using existing media (e.g. UWB radio) • new metrics: bits/s/m3

  12. Operating Systems & Middleware • must fit in small memories • energy aware • generic vs. specialized

  13. Hardware Design • small size, low weight, low power • may have to be deployed in harsh environments • production: extreme cost sensitivity • component composition vs. chip synthesis • fast product cycles

  14. Software Design • must cope with large variation in hardware • must cope with rapidly changing requirements • programming the system, rather than the devices • how to partition the code so that it can be easily customized in different environments

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