Presented by George W. Solhan Deputy Chief of Naval Research for

1. NDIA Annual Meeting Presented by George W. Solhan Deputy Chief of Naval Research for Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism S&T Department (ONR 30) 13 February 2007

2. ONR’s Mission… T o foster, plan, facilitate, and transition scientific research in recognition of its paramount importance to enable future naval power and the preservation of national security.

3. S&T ENTERPRISE MISSION • Maintain Technological Superiority • Plan and foster ground-breaking scientific research • Assimilate intellectual capital worldwide • Enable innovative Naval Operating Concepts • Maintain Global S&T Awareness • Leverage U.S. and global technology insights • Preempt technology surprise by potential competitors • Transition S&T to the Warfighter • Foster transition from S&T to higher levels of RDT&E • Execute for the Future • Ensure alignment of Naval S&T with Naval missions and future capability needs • Sponsor primarily external performers but maintain core in-house research capability at NRL and through the Naval Warfare Centers • Manage a balanced portfolio with peer-respected technical Program Officers • Develop and sustain a robust S&T workforce • Execute innovative and efficient business practices in support of S&T mission

4. The Way Ahead for Naval S&T …a look at tomorrow through the porthole of today... 6.3 dollars 6.2 / 6.3 dollars Primarily 6.1 dollars CNR Fleet/Force Initiatives FNCs Discovery and Invention

5. Science and Technology Investment by Current Capability Area Areas of increasing Navy/MC emphasis FY07 $M

6. S & T Departments: Customers and Portfolios

7. Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating TerrorismS&T Department Mission Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism (Code 30) To lead the Department of the Navy’s Science and Technology efforts that develop future combat capabilities for Naval Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and the Department’s role in Combating Terrorism: …the exploitation and subsequent application of Science and Technology in order to enhance the ability of the Navy-Marine Corps team to achieve assured access and conduct decisiveoperations as the naval portion of a joint campaign.

8. Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare & Combating Terrorism Department (Code 30) Department Head Mr. George Solhan Deputy Programming, Planning, & Operations Deputy Department Head COL J. Kevin Dodge Distributed Operations Integration Combating Terrorism & Integration Division (303) Research Division (301) Applications Division (302) Director Director Director Basic Researh Integration Deputy C4 ISR Fires Logistics Maneuver Force Protection (MCM/CIED/ CRAM/etc) Maritime Irregular Warfare (MSO/MIA/MDA) Operational Adaptation Human Performance Training & Education

9. A Capabilities Futures Concepts to Requirements S&T Objectives (STOs) Modernization Resources Plan & Execute Technology Discovery, Invention, and Exploitation Programs. Collaborate with Services, Agencies, Industry and Academia Combat Developer MCCDC/OPNAV/CFFC C Technology Developer (S&T) ONR R&D Procurement Fielding O & S Materiel Developer SYSCOMs/PEOs B A Concept Capability Futures Gaps Requirements B Capability Futures Gaps Requirements Technology C Requirements Technology R&D/ Production Capability CNR Management Vision OPNAV/ HQMC Enterprises Capability Areas Research Areas Research Subareas Thrusts S&T Strategy – Enterprise/MCCDC/ CNR Projects

10. ONR S&T Portfolio Balance Discovery & Invention (Basic and Applied Science) Hi Warfighter S&T Leap Ahead Innovations 10% Focus 40% Acquisition Enablers Quick Reaction S&T 30% 10% Lo Near Mid Far S&T has a long-term focus but is responsive to near-term Naval needs

11. Symmetric Asymmetric Hum. MCO Strike SASO Air Space Desert Jungle Maritime Domain Port/Waterfront Industrial Sea Land Urban Littoral Area Urban/ Littoral Mtn. City Suburb ExWar & Combating Terrorism Most Contested – Least Invested

12. Key Goals Key Goals Key Goals National Defense National Defense National Defense National Defense National Defense National Defense Strengthen Alliances to Strengthen Alliances to • • Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy (2005) (2005) (2005) (2005) (2005) (2005) Defeat Defeat Global Terrorism and Global Terrorism and Work to Prevent Attacks Work to Prevent Attacks Against Us and Our Friends Against Us and Our Friends Work with others to Work with others to Defuse Defuse • • National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy Regional Conflicts Regional Conflicts for Combating for Combating for Combating for Combating for Combating for Combating National National National National National National Terrorism (2003) Terrorism (2003) Terrorism (2003) Terrorism (2003) Terrorism (2003) Terrorism (2003) Prevent Prevent Our Enemies from Our Enemies from • • Security Security Security Security Security Security Threatening Us, Our Allies, Threatening Us, Our Allies, Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy and Our Friends with and Our Friends with (2002) (2002) (2002) (2002) (2002) (2002) Weapons of Mass Weapons of Mass National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy Destruction Destruction for Maritime for Maritime for Maritime for Maritime for Maritime for Maritime Security (2005) Security (2005) Security (2005) Security (2005) Security (2005) Security (2005) Transform Transform America America ’ ’ s s • • National Security National Security Institutions to Meet the Institutions to Meet the Challenges and Challenges and National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy National Strategy Opportunities of the 21st Opportunities of the 21st for Homeland for Homeland for Homeland for Homeland for Homeland for Homeland Century Century Security (2002) Security (2002) Security (2002) Security (2002) Security (2002) Security (2002) National & Naval GWOT Strategy/Analysis Strategic Guidance Strategic Guidance Naval Guidance Other Guidance NSP NOC USMC OpCon QDR FM 3-24 COIN External Coordination

13. Global Maritime Domain Awareness • All Source Collection • Intelligence & Information Analysis & Fusion • Netcentric Dissemination • Persistent, Pervasive, Affordable Surveillance • Tag, Track, and Locate • Operational Adaptation • Warfighting Decision Superiority • Commander’s Preparation of the Environment • Information Operations and Related Capabilities • Battlespace Shaping • Operational Culture Understanding & Communication • Mission Gaming and Rehearsal • Adaptive Thinking and Leader Development • Maritime Irregular Warfare • Ship Disabling Non-Lethal Systems • Enhanced Maritime Interception Operations • Expeditionary Security • Biometrics • Real-time Forensic Site Exploitation • Logistics for Distributed Forces • Extended Small-unit ISR • Extended Small-unit Engagement • Enhanced Individual and Small-unit Mobility • CBRN Defense • Tactical Comm in Complex Environments • Counter IED • IED Prediction • IED Prevention • IED and Mine Detection • IED and Mine Neutralization • IED and Mine Effects Mitigation • Technical and Forensic Exploitation CbT Capability Areas & Enabling Capabilities

14. Irregular Warfare--Defined “Irregular warfare is a form of warfare that has as its objective the credibility and/or legitimacy of the relevant political authority with the goal of undermining or supporting that authority. Irregular warfare factors indirect approaches, though it may employ the full range of military and other capabilities to seek asymmetric advantages, in order to erode an adversary’s power, influence and will.” (Irregular Warfare Roadmap - QDR) Detecting and Effecting anonymous irregular threats dispersed throughout the human landscape…”irregular” versus Finding and Destroying distinctive conventional formations concentrated on the physical landscape…”traditional”

15. Asymmetric and Irregular Warfare (Combating Terrorism) • Vision: Enable Naval forces to preempt and defeat adaptive non-conventional threats operating within complex physical and social terrain. • Objectives • ISR: • Unmanned Vehicles: Intelligent autonomous unmanned vehicles, sensors, and communications • Interior/Exterior Imaging: Rapidly reconstruct and fuse multi-aspect sensor data into 3-D tactical models of building interiors and exteriors • Riverine Surveillance: Common and persistent maritime picture on and below the surface/shore • Intelligence Analysis: • Image and Pattern recognition tools • Societal, cultural, and behavioral modeling • Biometrics • Active and Passive Forensics Tools: • Field-portable forensic tools, sensors, and sensor networks; as well as spectrally-coded particulate markers and probes • Advanced Countermeasures: • Dominate EM spectrum • Predict, detect and neutralize IED’s and P-IED’s • Deny adversaries the ability to hide among civilian population • Phase 0 S&T Key Research Topics Unmanned Undersea Vehicle Technologies Unmanned Air and Ground Vehicles Intelligent and Autonomous Systems Automated Image Understanding Information Processing & Presentation Social, Cultural & Behavioral Modeling Biometrics Nanoscale Electronic Devices and Sensors EW Attack Counter IED Non-Lethal weapons

16. Operational Adaptation Definition: (OA) The ability to gain, maintain, or recover the tactical, operational, and strategic initiative over an irregular threat by anticipating threat measures/countermeasures and by facilitating the dynamic tailoring of friendly forces, capabilities, actions, and TTPs to defeat these measures/countermeasures. ******* OA enables domination of the threat decision cycle by facilitating the speed, quality, and capacity of the friendly decision making cycle. ******* OA enables shaping operations by facilitating the stimulation, limitation, or manipulation of threat activities…or by influencing the activities and perceptions of another relevant target audience.

17. Demo #1 Demo #5 Demo #2 Phase I:Physical Indicators & Anomalies (Code 31 lead) Phase III:Cultural, & Behavioral Anomalies; Threat Stimulation & Manipulation; Tag, Track, & Locate Demo #3 Demo #4 Phase II:Reveal network organizations Proposed S&T Plan: Road to Operational Adaptation Technology Effectiveness Spectrum Conventional Threats Irregular Threats Domain of Existing US Military Technology Portfolio Irregular Networks Influence Operations Individuals Nation States Material Warfare Traditional Formations FY09 FY13 • 5 Demos • 3 Phases • Demos build upon each other

18. Demo 1 – Phase 2: Affordable Persistent Pervasive Surveillance (Wide Areas up to 200 nm2 - Open Ocean, Littoral, Rivers & Urban) Commercially Available SatCom 10 – 30 Kbps 10 – 30 Kbps 10 – 30 Kbps 10 – 30 Kbps Maritime Riverine Urban/ Asymmetric • Methodology: • Stealthy, long range, and high endurance UAVs for “eyes in the sky” - deployable from ocean and remote locations • Inexpensive, low power consumption surveillance payloads • Panoramic, wide-aperture optical sensors with 3-D imaging • Data processing for minimization of transmitted data using physical indicators and anomalies • Low bandwidth, over the horizon datalinks Urban and Terrain Imaging GIS Geodata GPS

19. Demo 4: Forewarning Through Network Mapping and Limited Intent Prediction (Commanders able to gain tactical forewarning by detecting potential threats and tracking their activities through complex terrain in real-time) & Global Human Intel Social, Sources Action - Terrorist Network Stimulated / Manipulated Analyze w/ ++++Prediction Capability Observe UAV locates and tracks Tagged Vehicle Activity network mapped within minutes, prediction of future changes of behavior generated Tagging deployed by UAVs & UGVs in suspected meeting grounds Tagging, tracking & locating coupled with cultural & biometric data and ground and UAV sensor network. • Improved Observation: Ability to Tag Individuals, Vehicles & Items Using High-fidelity Tagging, Tracking, and Locating (TTL) Technologies • Improved Orientation: Pattern Identification of Social, Commercial & Organizational Relationships • Orient: TTL with analysis algorithms predicts threat events hours in advance • Decide: Develop network attack options for commander

20. Technology Focus on the Information Environment Information Operations Evolution (Demo 5) Information Operations are the integrated employment of electronic warfare (EW), computer network operations (CNO), psychological operations (PSYOP), military deception (MILDEC), and operations security (OPSEC), in concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to influence, disrupt, corrupt or usurp adversarial human and automated decision making while protecting our own. Disrupt Stimulate Influence Manipulate Pre-OA OA

21. Roadmap to Operational Adaptation(Demonstrations Build On Each Other) - Low cost sensor payloads - Teraflop processors - Optical sensors for 3-D imaging Demo 1 Phase I (Code 31 lead) Demo Littoral Surveillance Demo 1 phase II (Code 31 lead) Persist Pervasive Surv. Demo AUV – Long Endurance Gliders Network attack option models UAV – Low Cost/ Long Endurance Demo 2 (TBD) Near R-T Network Map Demo AUV - Large Sensor Network Demo 3 (TBD) Proactive Tactical Adaptation Demo Netted tactical sensor fields Adaptive learning detection (ADL) Demo 4 (TBD) Forewarning Via Network Mapping & Limited Prediction Demo Active Threat Manipulation Demo ADL Supports enemy network builder Demo 5 (TBD Classification of tracks Real Time processing – compact & lightweight - Covert tags - Tag integration from UAVs Decision causality and stimulation Optical taggants

22. HPT&E Program Concept Support the development of a physically and mentally superior warrior that is prepared for peak performance in complex distributed operations environments. HPT&S includes key aspects of human performance: Cognitive Performance, Physical Performance , Survivability, and Training Technology Enhancement. Body Mind Goal: Improve Tomorrow’s Marine for Tomorrow’s Threat Close capability gaps in how Marines think,learn, and train Close capability gaps in how Marines physicallyperform, train, andsurvive “Our most effective weapon remains the individual Marine who out-learns, out-thinks, and out-fights any adversary” -- CMC Focus Areas Focus Areas PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT & SURVIVABILITY COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT TRAINING TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENT TRAINING TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENT Leverage Leverage DARPA, USA,USN, Joint, etc DARPA, USA,USN, Joint, etc

23. HPT&E Project & Key TechnologiesMapping to DO Tenets

24. Current Load Reduction in base weight Increased modular protection Our Targets

26. Photo by: Cpl. William Skelton Need for Increased Protection Helmet & vest protection Reduction in base weight Increased modular protection Face protection Increased survivability Neck protection Shoulder protection S&T Enablers • Advanced Materials • Epidemiology • Blast & Bio-effects Knowledge • Surrogates & M&S Tools Modular extremity protection Navy Seaman Apprentice Petree, Al Anbar, Iraq

27. Funded Programs • Marine Corps Advanced Combat Helmet System Initiative • $500K in ’06, $150K in ’07 (additional ’07 funds pending approval) • Develop field tested advanced helmet technologies that provide improved blast, blunt trauma and ballistic protection. • Provide increased modular protection to the critical areas of the face and neck areas. • Develop advanced materials to increase ballistic performance. • Develop an improved suspension system to better absorb high impacts and blast. • Develop helmet designs that provide increased protection, comfort and fit while reducing fatigue. • Reduce heat stress by 25%. • Development of helmet M&S and design tools

28. Light Tactical Vehicle Evolution: Jeep to JLTV Today’s Light Vehicle is More Complex – Modernization Cycles Accelerating

29. ONR S&T Support to JLTV ONR is conducting studies, analyses and technology development efforts in the areas of concepts, survivability, and mobility • Technology evaluations and trade studies • Awarded Contract to Nevada Automotive Test Center (NATC) • Validation of JLTV CDD and performance specification • Fabricate a Gap 1 technology demonstrator • Nevada Automotive Test Center • Build, test, and evaluate a Combat Tactical Vehicle demonstrator platform • Concept studies/mockup construction • Awarded contracts to AM General, General Dynamics, BAE, Cadillac Gage, Oshkosh • Generate concepts for FOV: • Near term concept (for MS B) • Far term concept (MS C and beyond) • Future technology investment areas • Deliverables aligned with key acquisition events

30. ONR (NATC) – Technology DemonstratorCombat Tactical Vehicle (CTV) Survivability & Force Protection ■ 6 Marine/Soldier cab ■ Monocoque Aluminum-based V-Shaped Lower Hull with Integrated Armor/Structure ■ Modular Armor Kit ■ Blast-Mitigating Seats ■ Air Conditioning w/ Modular NBC ■ Automatic Fire Suppression ■ Accepts Multiple Weapons Stations Network Centricity ■ Integrated communications suite Sustainability ■ Limited on-board diagnostics ■ 10Kw on the Move & 30Kw Stationary Integrated, exportable AC power Transportability ■ 96” w x 220” l Operational Ht = ~ 86 inches & Reducible Ht = 76.4 inches ■ CH53/CH47 EAT & C130 Transportable ■ MPS & Amphibious shipping ■ Demonstrator curb weight = 15,600 lbs Mobility ■ 322 Hp Detroit Diesel 926 ■ 6-Speed Twin Disc Transmission with Integral Transfer Case ■ SLA Independent w/ 3-Position Ride Height Adjustment & 24” Wheel Travel ■ Central Tire Inflation Systems (CTIS) ■ Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) w/ Integrated Stability Control Payload ■ 6000 lb payload with integral armor Operational Range ■ 400 miles

31. The Ultimate Customer – The Warfighter! Caveat: Real Customer: SYSCOMs, PEOs, DRPMs • HOT Buttons: • Survivability • Reduce Combat Load • Small Unit Excellence • Fuel Efficiency • Light weight portable • power sources • “Transparent Urban • Structures • Modular, Scaleable • Weapons • 8. CIED, MCM, CRAM