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The First Literate Repertory in Western Music

The First Literate Repertory in Western Music. Gregorian Chant. Ancient and Preliterate Music. Archeological Evidence Biblical Descriptions Ancient Greece. Ancient Greece. Pitch-specific notation Letters and symbols Philosophical writings

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The First Literate Repertory in Western Music

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  1. The First Literate Repertory in Western Music Gregorian Chant

  2. Ancient and Preliterate Music • Archeological Evidence • Biblical Descriptions • Ancient Greece

  3. Ancient Greece • Pitch-specific notation • Letters and symbols • Philosophical writings • Plato, Republic “because more than anything else rhythm and harmony find their way to the innermost soul and take strongest hold upon it.” • Theories of Music

  4. Transmission of Ancient Greek Theory • Theories of Music • Pythagoras (6th Century bce) • Harmonic ratios • St. Augustine (354–430) • De Musica(About Music) (391 ce) • Boethius (ca. 480 – ca. 524) • De institutionemusica(On the Organization of Music) • Musicamundana • Musicahumana • Musicainstrumentalis

  5. Historical Imagination • Development of Early Notation • “diatonic pitch set” • Early Christian Church • Monophonic chant • Latin

  6. Christian Beginnings • Byzantine Empire • Byzantine Chant, Hymns • Western Roman Church • Roman Chant • Roman Liturgy

  7. The Legend of St. Gregory • Pope Gregory I (Pope from 590–604) • Standardization of Roman Chant

  8. The Development of the Liturgy • The Offices • Matins, Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, Compline • Recitation of the 150 Psalms • Cantillation • Psalm Tone • Hymn • Antiphons • Responds

  9. The Development of the Liturgy • The Mass • Public reenactment of Christ’s last supper • Proper (words change from day to day) • Ordinary (words remain the same) • Kyrie • Gloria • Credo • Sanctus • Agnus Dei

  10. Chant Notation • Neumes • Contour and placement of notes in relation to text syllables

  11. Chant Notation • Guido of Arezzo • Micrologus (ca. 1028) • Earliest guide to staff notation • “sight singing” • Utqueantlaxis • Hexachord (6-note diatonic segment) • ut—re—mi—fa—sol—la • “Guidonian Hand”

  12. Modal Theory • Psalm Tones • Tonaries • Antiphons

  13. Modal TheoryMedieval Church Modes • Authentic • 1. Dorian • D E F G A B C D • 3. Phryigian • E F G A B C D E • 5. Lydian • F G A B C D E F • 7. Mixolydian • G A B C D E F G • Plagal (“Lower”) • 2. Hypodorian • A B C D E F G A • 4. Hypophryigian • B C D E F G A B • 6. Hypolydian • C D E F G A B C • 8. Hypomixolydian • D E F G A B C D

  14. Psalmody in Practice • The Office • Psalmody • reciting tone or tenor • flexus • mediant • termination • Psalm 91 [Anthology 1-2a] Justus utpalma

  15. Psalmody in Practice • The Mass • Proper Chants • Introit [Anthology 1-2b] • Offertory [Anthology 1-2c] • melismatic, melismas • Alleluia [Anthology 1-2d] • Jubilus • Gradual [Anthology 1-3a, b]

  16. The Mass • Introit • Kyrie [Anthology 1-4a, b] • Gloria [Anthology 1-4c] • Reading from Paul’s Epistles • Gradual • Alleluia (or Tract during Lent) • Reading from the Gospels • Credo [Anthology 1-4d] • Offertory [Anthology 1-4e] • Sanctus • Canon and Pater noster • Agnus Dei [Anthology 1-4f] • Communion • Ite, missaest

  17. Frankish Additions to the Chant Repertory • Sequentia • Sequence • Dies irae [Anthology 1-5a]

  18. Hildegard of Bingen(1098–1179) • Symphoniaarmoniecelestiumrevelationum • Sequence: Columba aspexit(The dove looked in) [Anthology 1-6]

  19. Hymns, Tropes, and Liturgical Drama • Hymns • Ave marisstella[Anthology 1-7a] • Pange lingua [Anthology 1-7b] • Veni creator spiritus[Anthology 1-7c]

  20. Hymns, Tropes, and Liturgical Drama • Tropes • Added material (music, words, or both) • Liturgical Drama • Quemquaeritis in sepulchro [Anthology 1-8a]

  21. Marian Antiphons • Votive antiphon • Marian Antiphons • Salve, Regina [Anthology 1-9a, b]

  22. Polyphony • Symphonia • Musicaenchiriadis (Handbook of Music) • Scolicaenchiriadis (Commentary on the Handbook) • Late 9th century • Organum • Voxprincipalis • Voxorganalis • occursus

  23. Organum and Discant • Guido of Arezzo, Micrologus • Section on organum • Polyphonic composition • Chartres fragment • John Afflighem, De musica • Discant

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