Chapter 17 Section 3

1. Chapter 17 Section 3 The War in the Pacific Refer to map on page 580

2. Brainstorm • You enter the war in 1941. • You do not accomplish victory in Europe until 1945. • How do you go about gaining victory over Japan in the Pacific?

3. Objectives • Identify key turning points in the war in the Pacific. • Describe the Allied offensive against the Japanese. • Explain both the development of the atomic bomb and debates about its use. • Describe the challenges faced by the Allies in building a just and lasting peace.

4. The War in the Pacific

5. The War in the Pacific • Leaders: • MacArthur Page 583 • Nimitz • Hirohito

6. April 1942, Bataan • Leader: MacArthur • Remember we entered war in 1941 & Germany does not fall until 1945 • Allies hold out for 4 months against invading Japanese forces before abandoning peninsula • 14k dead / 48k wounded

7. April 1942, Bataan • On April 3, 1942, General Homma finally launched his long-awaited (by both the Japanese high command and the Americans) final push to crush the Philippines. He easily broke through the final line of resistance of the Fil-American troops on Bataan, but he did so because of the deplorable state of the defending forces facing him.

8. June 1942, MidwayObj #1 & 2 • Leader: Nimitz • Allies broke Japanese code • Americans turned back Japanese invasion headed toward Hawaii • Beginning of Island Hopping Strategy to take back Japanese gains in the Pacific

9. August 1942, GuadalcanalObj. #1 • Leader: MacArthur • Americans dealt Japan their first defeat on land

10. August 1942, Guadalcanal • The theme of Guadalcanal as the turning point. From the slim victories by small forces; from the discipline and ability of Marines to hold on despite hunger, fatigue and disease; from the resolution of U.S. airmen and seamen who were often outnumbered but never outfought; and from the fact that, at this ultimate single point of extension and conflict, the United States, straining its utmost, as against Japan straining its utmost, could exert a few more ounces of effort--from this aggregate came victory, not only on Guadalcanal, but ultimately in the whole Pacific

11. October 1944, Leyte Gulfpage578Obj #1 • Leader: MacArthur • Japanese resort to kamikaze • Entire Japanese fleet involved • Japan lost 3 Battleships, 4 Aircraft Carriers & 500 planes • Devastating blow to Japan’s Navy • Americans retook the Philippines

12. March 1945, Iwo Jimapage 582Obj. #1 • Leader: MacArthur • Fierce battle but Allies take island from Japan • To the Japanese leadership, the capture of Iwo Jima meant the battle for Okinawa, and the invasion of Japan itself, was not far off.

13. March 1945, Iwo Jima • Iwo Jima, which means sulfur island, was strategically important as an air base for fighter escorts supporting long-range bombing missions against mainland Japan. Because of the distance between mainland Japan and U.S. bases in the Mariana Islands, the capture of Iwo Jima would provide an emergency landing strip for crippled B-29s returning from bombing runs. The seizure of Iwo would allow for sea and air blockades, the ability to conduct intensive air bombardment and to destroy the enemy's air and naval capabilities.

14. June 1945, OkinawaObj #1 • Leader: MacArthur • Allies take island back from Japan • Map on page 580 indicates importance • 7.6K Americans die • 110k Japanese die / kamikaze & suicide

15. September 1945, Tokyo BayObj. #3 • Leaders: MacArthur / Hirohito • Japan officially / unconditionally surrenders • U.S. Battleship Missouri • Democratic Constitution & Women vote • Change Economy / occupation

16. The Science of War

17. The Science of War • Leaders: • Truman • Oppenheimer

18. July 1945, Los AlamosObj. #3 • Leader: Oppenheimer • 1st Atomic bomb built completing the Manhattan Project • $2 Billion Dollars • 120K employees • 37 different installations including US & Canada

19. Interim Committee

20. Other Courses Besides Dropping the BombObj. #3 • Massive Invasion • Naval Blockade • Continued Conventional Bombing • “A” bomb demonstration • Conditional Surrender

21. Reasons to Drop the BombObj. #3 • Save lives & prevent casualties • Churchill predicts 1.5M after Okinawa • Save $ and supplies • A dud demo bomb would be an embarrassment • Display power to Russians • Revenge for Pearl Harbor & war deaths

22. August 1945, Hiroshima & NagasakiObj. #3 • Leader: Truman • 1st Atomic Bombs dropped • August 6 Hiroshima: 70k dead, 70k injured, uranium, Little Boy • August 9 Nagasaki: 40K dead, plutonium, Fat Man

23. Planning the Rebuilding Peace

24. Planning the Rebuilding Peace • Leaders: • FDR • Stalin • Churchill • Jackson • Truman

25. February 1945, YaltaObj. #4 • Leaders: FDR, Stalin, Churchill • Important decisions about postwar world • Stalin wanted Germany separated into Occupation Zones by Allies so Germany would not threaten USSR again • FDR gave into Stalin for Soviet support against Japan & promise of free elections in Poland

26. April 1945, San Francisco • United Nations Established

27. 1945-1949, Nurembergpage 586 • Leader: Jackson • 24 Nazi leaders tried for wartime crimes • 12/24 sentenced to death • Trials were imperfect but… • U.S. Supreme Ct Justice Jackson: individuals are responsible for their own actions even in times of war