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disc pathology and non-surgical decompression

disc pathology and non-surgical decompression. reuben henderson , d.o . 1993 - michigan state university college of osteopathic medicine internship: flint osteopathic and st. lawrence hospitals 1994 & 1995 pm&r residency: university of michigan 2001 private practice 2004: pm&r.

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disc pathology and non-surgical decompression

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  1. disc pathology and non-surgical decompression

  2. reubenhenderson, d.o. 1993 - michigan state university college of osteopathic medicine internship: flint osteopathic and st. lawrence hospitals 1994 & 1995 pm&r residency: university of michigan 2001 private practice 2004: pm&r

  3. low back pain world wide common complaint among adults lifetime prevalence in working population up to 80% 60% experience functional limitation or disability second most common reason for work disability despite advances in imaging and surgical techniques LBP prevalence and its cost are relatively unchanged

  4. back pain causes de-conditioning sprain/strain spondylolithesis spondylosis facet syndrome disc herniation disc bulge spinal stenosis biomechanical inflammatory infection cancer

  5. recent research on DDD 1. heredity may be largely responsible for degeneration/herniation of intervertebral disc. 2. genetic influences have been confirmed by the identification of several gene forms associated with disc degeneration. • 1. Kenneth M C Cheung, “How has genetics research altered understanding of degenerative disc disease: implications for intervertebral disc regeneration.” European Cells and Materials Vol. 16 Suppl. 4, 2008 (page 8) • 2. Yin’gang Zang, “Advances in susceptibility genetics of intervertebral degenerative disc disease.” Int J Biol Sci 2008 4:283-290

  6. intervertebraldisc

  7. vascular supply to the disc space from the cartilaginous endplate • 1. segmental radicular artery • 2. interosseous artery • 3. capillary tuft • 4. disc anulus

  8. neurological innervation of posterior spinal column 1. ascending branch of the sinuvertebral nerve 2. dorsal root ganglion 3. descending branch of the sinuvertebral nerve 4. disc anulus 5. posterior longitudinal ligament

  9. changes in hydrostatic pressure • lack of oxygen • lack of glucose • changes in pH levels • death of proteoglycans Urban JPG, McMullin JF, "Swelling pressure of the lumbar intervertebral discs: influence of age, spinal level, composition and degeneration." Spine 1988, 13:179-187 Handa T, et al. "Effects of hydrostatic pressure on Matrix Synthesis and MMP production in the human lumbar intervertebral disc." Spine 1997 ;22:1085 -1091 Classification of Age-Related Changes in Lumbar Intervertebral Discs 2002 Volvo Award in Basic Science" Spine 2002; Volume 27, Number 23, pp 2631-2644 disc degeneration

  10. proteoglycan structures

  11. ProteoglycaN structures

  12. annular tears Osti OL, Vernon-Roberts B, et al. “Annular Tears & Disc Degeneration” J Bone Joint Surg. [Br] 1992; 74-B:678-82 Gordon SJ, Yang KH, Mayer PJ, et al: Mechanism of disc rupture. A preliminary report. Spine 16:450-456, 1991 rim lesion concentric tear radial tear

  13. disc pathology vs pain Karppinen J. et al. “Severity of Symptoms and Signs in Relation to MRI Findings Among Sciatica Patients.” Spine 2001; 26(7):E149-E154 degree of disc injury (size of tear / herniation), nor the degree of nerve root compression correlate with subjective pain or functional disability

  14. internal disruption Crock HV, Internal disc disruption.   A challenge to disc prolapse fifty years on. Spine 1986 ;11:650-3

  15. current therapies for discogenic pain or disc pathology • medication and limited activity • spinal rehabilitation • interventional pain management • spinal surgery

  16. non-surgical decompression non-invasive procedure designed to target underlying disc pathology improve nutrient exchange create environment for healing

  17. non-surgical decompression

  18. goals of treatment actively distract and passively retract the spine in order to affect intervertebral disc space reduce intradiscal pressures increase fluid and nutrient exchange promote disc regeneration retract nucleic material of bulging or herniated disc

  19. guarding reflex traction causes natural guarding reflex muscles contract or spasm to prevent distraction in order to protect the spine traction devices are rarely able to bypass or overpower reflex contractions and achieve distraction of the disc space

  20. biofeedback response designed to monitor patient response and adjust tensions in order to bypass reflex muscle contractions

  21. negative intradiscal pressure

  22. decompressive patient MRI September 16, 2006 January 08, 2007

  23. disc regeneration • significant increase in disc thickness • signs of tissue regeneration • decrease in apoptotic (dead) cells in the annulus and cartilage endplates • increase in protein-expressing cells controlled distraction in vivo study of rabbit-spine model showed:

  24. decompression research • 71% of 778 cases were successful in reducing pain to a 0-1 on a 0-5 pain scale. • 86% of 219 patients demonstrated success according to Oswestry Pain Scale; 84% remained pain-free at 90 day follow up. • 91% of 14 patients with radiculopathy and abnormal sensory function demonstrated improved neurological function. • 50% -100% reduction of pain was reported in 19 out of 23 pts with ruptured intervertebral discs and 20 out of 27 with facet arthrosis • Earl Gose, et al., “Vertebral Axial Decompression Therapy for Pain Associated with Herniated or Degenerative Discs or Facet Sysdrome: An Outcome Study." Journal of Neurological Research, Vol 20, 13:179-187 • Thomas Gionis, MD, et al., “Spinal Decompression" Orthopaedic Technology Review. 2004 • Frank Tilaro, M.D., et al., “Vertebral Axial Decompression on Sensory Nerve Disfunction" Journal of Neuro-imaging, 1998; Volume 8, Number 2 • Shealy, et al., “New Concepts in Back Pain Management. Decompression, Reduction and Stabilization”. Pain Management. 1998 239-257

  25. decompression research Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Spinal Decompression Lumbar Disc Pathology Design: Retrospective Chart Review Setting: Multi-Center: Outpatient Treatment Patients: A consecutive sample of 778 Lumbar Cases Intervention: 10 – 25 Sessions on Non-surgiacal Decompression System Outcome Measures: Changes in visual Analog Scale over time Improvements in Mobility Improvements in Functioning

  26. decompression research Objective: To determine changes in pre and post MRIs after undergoing non-surgical decompression Design: Retrospective Chart Review Setting: Outpatient Treatment Center Patients: A Sample of 20 Lumbar Cases Intervention: 20 sessions of Non-surgical decompression for 18 patients; 40 sessions for 2 patients Outcome Measures: Changes in MRIs pre and post treatment

  27. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Spinal Decompression on Cervical and Lumbar Disc Pathology Design: Retrospective Chart Review Setting: Outpatient Treatment Center; Westminster, MD Patients: A consecutive sample of 156 Lumbar patients and 37 cervical patients Intervention: 20 – 25 Sessions on FDA Cleared (K051013) Decompression Table Outcome Measures: Changes in visual Analog Scale over time Improvements in Activities of Daily Living Improvements in Functioning DECOMPRESSION RESEARCH

  28. lumbar improvement in V.A.S. • Reduction in Mean from 5.8 to 0.8 V.A.S. • Same improvement noted for both post surgical and non-post surgical patients

  29. lumbar activities of daily living • Improvements in Average A.D.L. Component Scores

  30. decompressive research • SUNY research foundation • randomized, double-blind, controlled trial • subjective VAS pain and oswestry measurements • objective pre and post MRIs

  31. decompressive research • Greater Baltimore Medical Center • Randomized Controlled Trials: SpineMED vs conventional traction • Subjective VAS pain and Oswestry Measurements

  32. case study - annie • 30 y.o. female presents with low back pain • pain radiating down right leg • initial onset approximately 1 year • referred by orthopedic surgeon • on motrin, previously darvocet, flexeril and valium • previous treatments: chiropractic and physical therapy

  33. findings ROM: decreased in the lumbar spine to flexion, rotation and side bending Strength: right side 4/5 for L4-L5 innervated muscles FABER test: positive on the right Reflexes: ¼ and symmetrical SLR: negative

  34. diagnostic studies • A-P / lateral Plain Film: • degenerative disc height loss at L4-5 level • MRI: • L4-L5: large central disc herniation (9mm in AP X 10mm Broad) effacing the ventral thecal sac and impressing upon the central canal. • This produces moderate canal stenosis. • L5-S1: broad disc bulge with radial tear. • mild effacement upon the ventral thecal sac.

  35. imaging

  36. case 1 outcome VISIT #6 > pain reduced:4 to 1 VISIT #10 > pain reduced: 1 to 0 > core exercises initiated VISIT # 20 > pain stabilized: 1

  37. case 1 outcome VISIT #24 > Pain stable at 1 > Released to home exercise program > Inversion table recommended

  38. post spineMED findings • ROM: full in the lumbar spine to flexion, rotation and side bending • strength: 5-5 for the bilateral lower extremity • FABER test: negative bilaterally • reflexes: ¼ and symmetrical • SLR: negative

  39. post spineMED imaging MRI • L4-5: now measures only 1 or 2 mm in AP dimension x 9 mm broad with only mild narrowing of thecal sac • L5-S1: diffuse disc bulge, no radial tear or thecal sac effacement

  40. conclusion non-surgical decompression can significantly improved the clincal outcome of patients with discogenic pain in treating over 300 patients • no incidence of injury, some incidence of residual pain • many successful outcomes • mostly lasting results & healing

  41. intervertebraldisc

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