ESCUELA: CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION

1. EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH II ESCUELA: CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION MENCION INGLES Lic. Alba Vargas Saritama abvargas@utpl.edu.ec NOMBRES: ABRIL – AGOSTO 2009 FECHA:

2. SECOND BIMESTERWhatis our goal? • Understand how to carry out a research proposal. • Differentiate the parts of a research report and its components. • Know some basic guidelines for writing a research report. • Carry out a bibliographical investigation and write a theoretical background.

3. Didactic materials • Printed didactic materials Guide • Technological didactic materials EVA e-mail videoconference telephone

4. Assignment Second bimester • Activity 1 Decide if the statements are TRUE or FALSE • Activity 2 Identify the parts of a research report • Activity 3 References • Activity 4 List and explain the parts that are enclosed in the Discussion section • Activity 5 References TEST

5. RESEARCH Research Gay & Airasian (2003) • Cn Research ----- way of finding out ANSWERS to ---Questions?????

6. Research Problem (topic) English language learning English learning as a foreign language in Ecuador Factors that influence on the learning of English as a foreign language in Ecuador The influence of the native language on learning English in public high schools in the city of Quito Narrow topic This topic still needs to me more narrow.

8. STAGE 2 : CONDUCT THE RESEARCH 1.Write the theoretical background (Seek for information sources: books, magazines, journal articles, web pages) The theoretical background or literature review must contain themes, concepts, theories, previous researches closely related to the researched topic or problem. 2. Conduct the filed research (investigation)

9. HOW TO CONDUCT THE RESEARCH

10. 1. Writing the theoretical background /literature review • Seek for information about definitions, theories, previous studies (closely related to the topic or problem that help to support your study). • Evaluate the sources from where you take the information. • Write your own theoretical background. • Cite properly

11. Do not copy paragraphs or articles textually. That is PLAGIARISM • It must have coherence: the text must flow smoothly. (Transitional words and phrases) cohesion: reflect the use of well-constructed grammatical structures. • Do not copy paragraphs or articles textually. That is PLAGIARISM.

12. Avoid Plagiarism Write your own research report Quotation: Report writing: exam-type task. (planning- drafting, and review) - students discuss questions in pairs or groups - students start planning for the report - they match a typical four-paragraph sequence with what might be written in each of the four paragraphs - they match their notes to the paragraphs - edit reports Paraphrasing Summarizing

13. 2. HOW TO CONDUCT THE FIELD RESEARCH The field investigation guides the researcher to get the results. • It depends on the type of research planned. • The researcher has to apply the METHODS, TECHNIQUES and INSTRUMENTS ( included in the research proposal)to gather the field information in order to demonstrate the hypothesis.

14. The instruments you use to collect the information must be well-designed and be based on the objectives of the research. Check the variables and indicators set in the proposal.

15. After you collect data, you have to tabulate the results and present them in charts.

16. 3. The discussion section • After you have tabulated and organized the results in charts, you have to analyze and interpret them in order to draw conclusions. • According to the framework adopted by the UTPL, the DISCUSSION section contains:

17. RESEARCH REPORT The format adopted by the Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja Title Abstract A research paper (a piece of academic writing) Introduction Methodology Results Theoretical background Analysis and Interpretation of results Conclusions Discussion References Annexes

18. The Title • The title should reflect content and emphasis of the project in the report (essential key words) • Single page

19. Abstract • Presents a summary of the topic and the major finding of the research. • They are usually 100- 150 but in the UTPL format it is one page long. • It must contain: - The researched topic - The place - Population and sample - Methods and instruments - Major results

20. EXAMPLE To illustrate I have taken and example of a research article taken from EFL ASIAN JOURNAL (http://www.asian-efl-journal.com/June_09_lm.php) Engineering Lectures in a Second Language:What Factors Facilitate Students’ Listening Comprehension? By Lindsay Miller

21. AbstractThis paper presents data from a large-scale ethnographic study into the perceptions, concerns, and preferred lecturer strategies of one group of Hong Kong second-language (L2) engineering students who were attending lectures given in English. Although such investigations often focus purely on the ‘problem’ dimensions students have when listening to lectures, there are aspects to the lecture event which students identify as aiding their listening comprehension. These positive dimensions of lectures are the focus of this paper, and were identified using journals, interviews, and focus groups, and categorized under language features and pedagogical features. The data presented also suggests that lecturers need to adopt specific lecturing strategies in order to make the content materials more accessible to this type of student. (Miller, 2009) • Keywords: listening, lectures, ethnography, engineering L2 students. 

22. Introduction The introduction must be well-written and motivates the reader to continue reading. It describes clearly but briefly the background of the problem, highlights the importance of the study and the objective that guided the research.

23. The introduction must contain:

24. Methodology The methodology represents the “how” of a research. METHODOLOGY History of the research done How the data was tabulated, processed and analyzed Place and participants (characteristics) Techniques and instruments, materials Research design

25. Methodological design • Methods : Descriptive, deductive, bibliographical, comparative, historical etc. • Techniques: surveys, note-taking, interview • Instruments: direct observation, questionnaires, cards

26. Results The results section has relevant data and findings summarized in qualitative and quantitative charts. Tabulate the information.

27. THEME: NATIVE LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: AN ANALYSIS OF WRITTEN MATERIAL PRODUCED BY SPANISH SPEAKING STUDENTS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL CLASSES.

28. RESULTS Cuantitative results Chart One Variable: Grammar Structures Indicator: Adjectives Author:………………

29. Cuantitative results Chart … Variable: Grammar Structures Indicator: Adjectives Source: ……………. Author:……………….

30. DISCUSSION

31. Literature review or theoretical background Analysis and interpretation of results: • Interpret the results and research as a whole and discuss the relationship of your findings to earlier research. • Support your analysis with the literature review.

32. Present it in a logical way consider the audience • Present your idea from general to specific ones ( from certain to uncertain) • Consider also how the data addresses the research problem

33. Conclusions A conclusion is a very short section that does not introduce new ideas Conclusions summarize findings in a clear and concise way

34. References or bibliography Include all the sources reviewed Order the list alphabetically • Books • Journals • Magazines • Electronic sources, etc

35. Suggestions forREFERENCE/BIBLIOGRAPHY Use the style adopted by the institution or the APA style which is internationally approved. Write the references in alphabetical order Be careful, the information must come from a reliable source. Use updated bibliography (5 years )

36. Example • Arnold, J. and M.C. Fonseca Mora. (2004). “Multiple Intelligence Theory and Foreign Language Learning: A Brain-based Perspective” in IJES, International Journal of English Studies vol. 4 (1), pp. 119-136. • Brown, H. D. (1994). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents. • Burstall, C. (1975) "Factors affecting foreign‑language learning: a consideration of some relevant research findings". Language Teaching and Linguistics Abstracts 8: 105‑125.

37. Annexes (Appendices) Contains information that is relevant to the researched problem but does not fit in the main body of the report to avoid interrupting the line of development of the report.

38. Formal aspects The research report must be: • Totally in English • Reflect good written style, grammar. • Typed (bookman Old Style 12) • Margins 3cm 4cm 2. 5cm 2.5cm

39. QUESTIONS?????

40. THANKS