1 / 50

The Types of Cells

The Types of Cells. Two Basic Types of Cells. All living things fall into one of two categories of cells: Prokaryotes (bacteria, simple cells) ( E. coli, Salmonella, Streptococcus, etc.) Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes. Found everywhere (most numerous organisms on Earth) Earliest forms of life

farley
Download Presentation

The Types of Cells

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Types of Cells

  2. Two Basic Types of Cells • All living things fall into one of two categories of cells: • Prokaryotes (bacteria, simple cells) • (E. coli, Salmonella, Streptococcus, etc.) • Eukaryotes

  3. Prokaryotes • Found everywhere (most numerous organisms on Earth) • Earliest forms of life • Unicellular • NO membrane-bound organelles • 99% are helpful… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eksagPy5tmQ • Food production • Digestion • Water purification • Decomposers • Oil spills Meningitis Pneumonia Staph aureus Gonorrhoeae

  4. D. Shapes of Bacteria Shapes Prefixes 1. 1. = pair = sphere 2. 2. = rod = chain 3. 3. =spiral = bunch Images from: http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/bacteria.htm

  5. Coccus (Spherical) Streptococcus Strep Throat

  6. Bacillus (Rod) Escherichia coli(E. coli)

  7. Bacillus anthracis Death from anthrax is due to oxygen depletion

  8. Spirillum (Spiral) Cholera Intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water.

  9. Prokaryotic Cell Structure

  10. Prokaryotic Cell Structure • Nucleoid – the “nuclear” region of a prokaryotic cell where the DNA attaches to the plasma membrane

  11. Prokaryotic Cell Structure • Plasmid – Circular DNA containing a few genes to help bacteria survive under some conditions.

  12. Prokaryotic Cell Structure • Flagella – long, whiplike protein extensions that rotate like propellers, allowing cells to move (“swim”) through water or other fluids

  13. Eukaryotic Cells • More complex than prokaryotes • Have many parts (organelles) that each have their own function • Advantageous, as each organelle can specialize and become more efficient • Compartmentalization

  14. Eukaryotic Organelles • Nucleus: genetic control center • Contains chromosomes • Chromatin: Chromosomes attached to protein • Surrounded by a nuclear membrane • Main difference b/w prokaryotes & eukaryotes • Nucleolus: Area within the nucleus where RNA is synthesized • Appears most dense/darkest • Produces ribosomes

  15. Nuclear Envelope Nucleus Nucleolus Animal cell Plant Cell Chromatin

  16. Eukaryotic Organelles • Nuclear Envelope: Double membrane with thousands of nuclear pores • Surrounds the nucleus • Controls flow into and out of the nucleus

  17. Eukaryotic Organelles • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A system of membranous tubes & channels • Located just outside the nucleus • Two parts: • Smooth: No ribosomes • Functions: • Synthesis & transport of lipids • Detoxifies substances • Rough: Coated in ribosomes • Function: Protein synthesis & transport

  18. RoughER Smooth ER Rough ER Smooth ER Animal cell Plant Cell

  19. Eukaryotic Organelles • Ribosomes: Small bodies of RNA floating in the nucleus or attached to rough ER • Site of protein synthesis • Tiny, round objects • Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

  20. Animal cell Plant Cell Ribosomes

  21. Eukaryotic Organelles • Golgi Apparatus: Stack of flattened membranous sacs/tubes • Located near the ER • Can break off sections to move around cell • Functions: • Sorts and modifies proteins • Packages materials in vesicles for use within the cell or export out of the cell

  22. Animal Cell Plant Cell Golgi Apparatus

  23. Eukaryotic Organelles • Mitochondrion: “power plant” of cell • Double-membraned organelle • Membranes separated by matrix • Cristae: folds of inner membrane • Major site of ATP synthesis

  24. Animal cell Plant Cell

  25. Eukaryotic Organelles • Chloroplast: Double-membrane organelle in plant cells • Site of photosynthesis • Captures solar energy, converts it to chemical energy • Large stacks of membranes containing green pigment chlorophyll • NOT IN ANIMAL CELLS

  26. Chloroplasts Animal cell Plant Cell

  27. Eukaryotic Organelles • Vacuole: Vesicles in a cell that store water & food (among some other substances) • Plants: Central Vacuole. Takes up most of volume • Give cells their rigidity, store waste products • Present in animals, but much smaller

  28. Plant Cell Animal cell Vacuole

  29. Eukaryotic Organelles • Lysosome: Vesicle in animal cells (rarely plants) that contains enzymes to digest food, nutrients, organelles, etc. • Causes cell suicide (apoptosis) Animal Cell Lysosome

  30. Eukaryotic Organelles • Centriole: Tubular structures involved in cell division/reproduction • Animals only, NOT in plants • Near nucleus • Cytoskeleton: Network of protein fibers that help shape the cell • Can hold organelles in place or move them around • Found in animal and plant cells

  31. cytoskeleton centrioles Animal cell

  32. Eukaryotic Organelles • Cytoplasm (Cytosol): Gel-like substance that fills the cell in which the organelles are bathed • Found in ALL cells • Plasma (Cell) Membrane: Surrounds all cells • Phospholipid Bilayer • Responsible for letting substances into & out of the cell • Not a source of protection!!!

  33. Plant Cell Animal cell CellMembrane

  34. Eukaryotic Organelles • Cell Wall: A rigid structure that surrounds plant & fungal cells • NOT found in animal cells • Found in prokaryotic cells (similarity) • Surrounds plasma membrane • Protects the cell and helps maintain its shape • Composed of cellulose

  35. Cell wall: Along the perimeter. Plant Cell Animal cell

  36. Eukaryotic Organelles • Cilia: Tiny hair-like structures surrounding the cell membrane • Used for movement of the cell or moving material along a cell/tissue • Flagella: Found in eukaryotic sperm cells • Found in bacteria • NOT in plants

  37. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic _________________________________

  38. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic _________________________________

  39. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic _______________________________

  40. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic ______________________________

  41. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic ______________________________

  42. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic _________________________________

  43. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic ______________________________

  44. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic ______________________________

  45. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic __________________________________

  46. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic _________________________________

  47. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic _________________________________

More Related