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Creating A Web Page

Creating A Web Page. Computer Concepts I and II Sue Norris. Agenda. What is HTML HTML and XHTML Tags Required HTML and XHTML Tags Using Notepad to Create a Simple Web Page Viewing Your Web Page in a Browser Submitting Your Project. Slide Menu. H yper T ext M arkup L anguage.

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Creating A Web Page

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  1. Creating A Web Page Computer Concepts I and II Sue Norris

  2. Agenda • What is HTML • HTML and XHTML Tags • Required HTML and XHTML Tags • Using Notepad to Create a Simple Web Page • Viewing Your Web Page in a Browser • Submitting Your Project

  3. Slide Menu

  4. Hyper Text Markup Language • Every Web Page is Formatted with HTML markup tags • HTML Markup tags Tell a Browser How to Display a Web Page • A Web Page ALWAYS has a File Extension of htm or html • The Browser (ie Internet Explorer, Netscape, Firefox) Reads the HTML tags Sequentially From Top to Bottom and Formats the Page Based On What the Tags Say

  5. XHTML • Extensible HyperText Markup Language • Almost Identical to HTML 4.01 • Stricter and Cleaner Version of HTML

  6. Distributed Hypermedia • Documents can contain links to other documents, hence “distributed hypermedia” • Proposed by CERN in 1989 • Conseil Européen poir la Rescherche Nucléaire • “European Council for Nuclear Research” • Portions of the same document may reside on different systems CIS 121 - Portland Community College

  7. Browsers • Browsers are software programs that integrate distributed hypermedia • Browsers pull together the elements from various systems and present a unified whole image to the user • Developed by 1993 • Netscape, Internet Explorer are examples CIS 121 - Portland Community College

  8. Guide Lines for System Design A system should be: • Transparent • Forgiving • Visually Oriented CIS 121 - Portland Community College

  9. Style Points • Good Design • Fully functional • Seamless • Tested • Use Outline Format <HTML> <BODY> </BODY> </HTML> CIS 121 - Portland Community College

  10. Style Rules • Use standard HTML so that it can be read everywhere • Use common sense with colors and backgrounds, and effects • Avoid large downloads • Make it easy for the user to navigate CIS 121 - Portland Community College

  11. More Style Rules • Make it easy to read • Be on your best behavior • Keep it simple • Avoid typografical errors • Make sure everything works CIS 121 - Portland Community College

  12. HTML Basics • Element – A region of the HTML file that has similar display requirements • Tag – Special HTML markers that identify the start and end of an element • Attribute – Additional information that tells the browser something about the element Elements may be text, images, sounds, or anything else that appears in the document. CIS 121 - Portland Community College

  13. Syntax • Tag and Attribute ‘names’are case Insensitive. • Attribute ‘values’ are case Sensitive. For this class: • ‘Names’ will NOT becapitalized • ‘Values’will useupper and lower case CIS 121 - Portland Community College

  14. What Do HTML Tags Look Like? • HTML Tags Look Like: <p> </p> paragraph tag <b> </b> bold tag <ul> </ul> unordered list tag <li> </li> list item tag • What is Common About HTML Tags? • Starting and Ending Tags • Data Between the Tags will be Formatted According to the Tag • The Starting Tag Starts the Type of Format; the Ending Tag Stops the Type of Format

  15. Required HTML Tags The Following HTML Tags are Required/Recommended for Every We Pages

  16. HTML Page Structure <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> Title of the Page </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> Main Portion of Page </BODY> </HTML> CIS 121 - Portland Community College

  17. XHTML Additional Requirements • All HTML Tags and Tag Elements Must be in lower-case • Every HTML Tag Must have a Starting Tag AND an Ending Tag • HTML Tags Must be Properly Nested • HTML Tag Attributes Must be in Quotes • The Id attribute replaces the Name Attribute • The DOCTYPE Declaration Should be the First Line in a XHTML Document Slide Menu

  18. Starting a Simple Web Page • Open Notepad Click Start Button, Click on All Programs, Click on Accessories, Click on Notepad Slide Menu

  19. Notepad Opens • Save Your Web Page • Click File on the Menu Bar, Click Save, [Choose Your Website Folder] for Save in, type in INDEX.html in File Name and Click Save Slide Menu

  20. Type the Following HTML Tags into your Example1.htm document. • Type in the Tags Exactly as You See Them Above • To Comply with XHTML coding standards: • ALL xHTML tags MUST be in lower case • ALL tags MUST have a starting tag and an ending tag • Save Your Web Page Click File on the Menu Bar, Click Save • Minimize the Notepad Window; We Will Come Back to It Slide Menu

  21. Go to your Website Folder • You Should See the Index.html file • Double-Click on the Index.html file Slide Menu

  22. View Your Lovely Work • Your Browser Window Should Open with Your Web Page Loaded in It. • It if Doesn’t, Go Back to one slide and Make Sure You Saved Your Page Correctly Slide Menu

  23. Add Formatting to Text • Maximize Your Notepad Window • Change Your HTML Code To Add the Bold Tag or Other Text Formatting Tag, and So It Looks Similar to the Following • NOTE: The Yellow Background is Only to Highlight the Inserted Tag • When Done, Save Your Web Page and Minimize the Notepad Window Slide Menu

  24. Go back to your Browser and webpage and Refresh the browser. • This can be done by either hitting the F5 key or clicking on the refresh icon Slide Menu

  25. View Your Work • If You Did Everything Correctly, Your Web Page Should Look Similar to the Following and My First should be in Bold: Slide Menu

  26. Continuing With Your Web Page • Create Two Paragraphs with the Paragraph Tag • Edit Your Example1.htm file in Notepad to add the two Paragraph Tags that you See Below. • Also add the <u></u> and <i></i> tags for Underline and Italics formatting. • XHTML RULE: Tags MUST BE Properly Nested. If formatting Starts with <i><u>, the Order of the Ending Tags Must Be: </u></i>. • Save Your File and Minimize the Notepad Window Slide Menu

  27. View Your Page • Go back to your Browser and webpage and Refresh the browser. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. • If it Doesn’t Go Back to the last slide and make corrections Slide Menu

  28. Add a Background Color • A Webpage Background Color is Added with the bgcolor parameter of the Body Tag • Colors are Entered as 6 character hexadecimal numbers • Code Must Start with # and be enclosed in “” • Go to the HTML Color Picker site and pick a color that you like and jot down the 6 character hexadecimal code associated with it. • Save Your File and Minimize Your Notepad Window Slide Menu

  29. View Your Web Page • Go back to your Browser and webpage and Refresh the browser. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. • If it Doesn’t Go Back to Slide 16 and Make Corrections Slide Menu

  30. Add a Link • Links Are Created with the Anchor Tag: <a></a> • A Link to the Microsoft web site would look like: <a href=“http://www.microsoft.com/”>Click here</a> to go to the Microsoft Site. • This Represents a Link to an External Web Site • The Information Between the “ ” s is the Address of the Linked to Page • The Information in Yellow and Between the > and </a> is What Appears on the Web Page for the User to Click • A Link to Another Page Within the Same Web Site Might Look Like:<a href=“computers.htm”>Computers Page</a> • Name of Page is computers.htm • No Path is Specified if page is within the same folder as calling Web Page • Computers Page is What Will Display on Calling Page for User to Click Slide Menu

  31. Try It • Maximize Your Notepad Window with INDEX.html • Edit your HTML Code So That It Looks as Pictured Below. • Save Your File and Minimize the Notepad Window Slide Menu

  32. View Your Web Page • Go back to your Browser and webpage and Refresh the browser. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. • Try Your Link. Does It Go to the Microsoft Site? • If it Doesn’t Go Back to the last slide, Make Corrections, and Try Again Slide Menu

  33. Creating A List • Ordered Lists (numbered) are Created with the OL and LI tags • Example of Two Item Unordered List<p>Rivers</p><ul> <li>Mississippi</li> <li>Missouri</li></ul> • Unordered Lists (bulleted) are Created with the UL and LI tags • Example of Two Item Ordered List<p>Rivers</p><ol> <li>Mississippi</li> <li>Missouri</li></ol> Slide Menu

  34. Try It • Maximize Your Example1.htm Notepad Window and Edit Your HTML Source Code so That it Looks as Below. • Save Your File and Minimize Your Notepad Window Slide Menu

  35. View Your Page • Go back to your Browser and webpage and Refresh the browser. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in this slide. • Do your Lists Look Similar? • If They Don’t Go Back one Slide, Make Corrections, and Try Again Slide Menu

  36. Adding a Header Tag • Header Tags are Used to Emphasize Web Page Sections and Subsections in an Outline Fashion • Header Tags Range From H1 to H6 with H1 Being the Largest and H6 the Smallest • Examples: • <h1>Main Section</h1> • <h2>Sub-section</h2> • <h3>Sub-sub-section</h3> Slide Menu

  37. Try It • Maximize your Example1.htm Notepad Window • Edit Your HTML Code To Look as Below • Save Your File and Minimize the Window Slide Menu

  38. View Your Work • Go back to your Browser and webpage and Refresh the browser. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. • Do You Notice the Heading Difference? • If it Doesn’t Go Back to Slide 25, Make Corrections, and Try Again Slide Menu

  39. Tables • Tables are Created with the following tags: • Table • TR for table Rows • TD for Table Cells • In the Example to the Right, a 3 Row, 3 Column Table is Created • The Table is 500 pixels wide • The Table has a border that is 1 pixel wide. • Note: The Information Between the <td> & </td> is Just Padding; You Can Have Anything You Like • Return to your notepad file and add the tags for a table. Put whatever data you want into the Cells. Save Your File. • See the W3Schools Tutorial Site for Additional Information on Creating Tables Slide Menu

  40. View Your Table • Go back to your Browser and webpage and Refresh the browser. View Your Work • It Should Look Similar to the Following • If It Doesn’t, Go Back and Review Your Tags Slide Menu

  41. Adding Images to Web Pages • <IMG> Element • Links page to .gif, .xbm, or .jpeg files • “Open” element that is defined by the SRC attribute <IMG SRC=XXX > CIS 121 - Portland Community College

  42. Adding Sounds • Use anchor element to point to “.wav” file <A HREF=“xxx.wav”> CIS 121 - Portland Community College

  43. Further HTML Training Continue Training at the W3Schools HTML Tutorial Site: http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp

  44. XHTML Finishing Touches • DOCTYPE Statement Required • First Statement in XHTML Source Code • Three Document Type Definitions (DTD) Supported • Strict • Transitional • Frames • Transitional is Most Common • Fine for This Class • If Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are Used, Strict DTD Should be Used • <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> Slide Menu

  45. Add DOCTYPE Statement • Return to your Notepad Window and Edit Your HTML Code so That it Looks as Below • Save Your Page, Minimize the Window, then Check Your Web Page to Make Sure it Opens Slide Menu

  46. Further XHTML Training • Continue Your XHTML Training at:http://www.w3schools.com/xhtml/default.asp • Tutorials From Introduction to Validation are Required Slide Menu

  47. XHTML Validation • Validate HTML Source Code • Verifies If Source Code Conforms to XHTML Standards • Pinpoints Errors • Offers Recommendations • Several Web Sites Available • Try: http://validator.aborla.net/ • See Web Page Notes for Further Information Slide Menu

  48. Viewing the HTML Source Code of a Web Page • The HTML Code of any Web Page Can Easily be Viewed in a Browser • In IE, click View on the Menu Bar and Select Source • In Mozilla Firefox, click View on the Menu Bar and Select Page Source Slide Menu

  49. Transfer Files to Web Server • Use a FTP Program To Transfer Student Web Pages and Files to the Web Server • WS_FTP LE • IE FTP Client • Fetch • That Wasn’t So Hard, Was It Slide Menu

  50. Summary • What is HTML • HTML Tags • Required HTML Tags • Creating a Web Page in Notepad • Viewing a Web Page in the Browser • Submitting Your Web Page Slide Menu

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