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MENTAL RETARDATION – DEF.

MENTAL RETARDATION – DEF. Significant subaverage intellectual functioning + Significant limitation in at least two of the following skill areas

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MENTAL RETARDATION – DEF.

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  1. MENTAL RETARDATION – DEF. Significant subaverage intellectual functioning + Significant limitation in at least two of the following skill areas • Communication, Self care, Home living, social /interperssonel skills, use of community resources, self direction, functional acedemic skills, work, leisure, safety With onset before the age of 18 years

  2. DEGREE OF MR (WHO & DSM-IV) IQ • Borderline 71-85 • Mild 51-70 • Moderate 36-50 • Severe 35-21 • Profound <20

  3. OCCURRENCE • About 2 % of the population

  4. Mental Retardation – Etiological Considerations • Biological Factors • Chromosomal Disorders • Down Syndrome • Fragile-X Syndrome • Genetic Disorders • Phenylketonuria (PKU) • Infectious Disease • Rubella • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • Syphilis, Genital Herpes • Encephalitis, Meningitis

  5. Mental Retardation – Etiological Considerations • Biological Factors • Toxins • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Lead Poising • Other Biological Abnormalities • Rh Incompatibility • Premature Birth • Anoxia • Malnutrition • Epilepsy

  6. Characteristics ofMental Retardation • Difficulty in: • Focusing attention • Remembering information • Regulating one’s own behavior • Mastering academic tasks • Making friends

  7. Characteristics of Mental Retardation (continued) • Difficulty in: • Performing life skills • Appears unmotivated • Below average intelligence

  8. Mental Retardation: Treatment: Prevention • Primary Prevention • Amniocentesis • Secondary Prevention • Tertiary Prevention • Normalization • Main Streaming • Deinstitutionalization

  9. Problems MR/DD • More Commonly Seen • Physical abuse • Sexual Abuse • Neglect • Emotional Abuse

  10. Problems MR/DD • Depression • Withdrawal • Fantasy crushes, imaginary conversations • Appearing to “invite” victimization

  11. Problems MR/DD • Medical • seizures • other undiagnosed medical illnesses

  12. SPECIAL EDUCATION

  13. How and Why Special Education • Children with mild disabilities were instructed in the general education classroom • Children with severe disabilities did not attend school at all

  14. Influences on Special Education Practices Civil Rights Laws Education Laws Classroom Court Cases Parent & Professional Advocacy Groups Research

  15. Effect of Inappropriate Placement of Students in Special Education • If students are mislabeled, they will not receive the appropriate supports and services to be successful • Less likely to be educated • More likely to be suspended/expelled • More likely to drop out

  16. M3 Equals • Misidentification • Misassessment • Misplacement

  17. What Can Be Done • General education classroom • Family involvement • Referrals • Evaluations • Services • Monitor

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